Tag: Inflation

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UK inflation in surprise fall to 1.7%

UK Inflation down below target

UK inflation fell unexpectedly to 1.7% in the year to September 2024, the lowest rate in three-and-a-half years

This indicates that inflation, which is the rate at which prices increase over time, is currently below the Bank of England’s target of 2%, potentially leading to further reductions in interest rates next month.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported that petrol and diesel prices saw a notable decrease, falling by 10.4% in September 2024compared to the same month the previous year.

Additionally, the cost of fares for domestic, European, and long-haul flights contributed to the lower inflation rate. While fares typically decrease after the summer peak, this year they have reduced more than usual.

UK interest rate at 1.7% below the Bank of England target of 2%

UK interest rate at 1.7% below the Bank of England target of 2%

With inflation dropping below economists’ expectations, the markets are anticipating a cut in interest rates at the Bank of England’s upcoming meeting in November 2024. The present rate stands at 5%, and a reduction of 0.25% is now deemed highly probable.

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Is it job done for the Federal Reserve now?

Federal Reserve

Recent inflation data suggests that the Federal Reserve is fast approaching its goal, if not already there – following the central bank’s significant interest rate reduction of 0.50% a few weeks ago

Both consumer and producer price indexes for September 2024 aligned with forecasts, indicating a decline in inflation towards the central bank’s 2% target.

Economists believe the Fed may have already achieved that target.

Last Friday, it was predicted that the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index for September 2024 would reveal an annual inflation rate of 2.04% upon its release later in the month.

Should economists’ estimates prove accurate, the figure would be rounded to 2%, aligning precisely with the Fed’s longstanding goal, marking a significant shift from the 40-year inflation peak over two years ago, which led to a series of substantial interest rate hikes.

The Fed favours the PCE as its measure of inflation, although it considers various factors in its decision-making process.

Inflation has significantly decreased over the past 18 months, and the job market has settled at a level that may represent full employment.

The U.S. economy several obstacles in reaching and sustaining the 2% inflation target

Supply chain disruptions

Persistent supply chain problems can escalate the costs of goods and services, potentially increasing inflation.

Labour market tightness

A constrained labour market may result in rising wages, which companies typically offset by raising prices for consumers.

Global economic factors

International events, like geopolitical conflicts or other countries’ economic statuses, can influence inflation via alterations in trade and commodity costs.

Consumer expectations

Anticipations of higher inflation might prompt consumers to increase spending now, which can elevate prices and lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Monetary policy timing

The economy takes time to respond to monetary policy adjustments, leading to a lag between policy implementation and its effects on inflation.

These elements pose difficulties for the Federal Reserve in precisely managing inflation to meet its goal.

While managing inflation is challenging, recent data suggests that although prices haven’t fallen from their peak levels of a few years ago, the rate of increase is slowing down.

The 12-month consumer price index for all items stood at 2.4% in September, while the producer price index, indicative of wholesale inflation and a precursor to pipeline pressures, was at an annual rate of 1.8%.

The 0.50% cut in September 2024to a federal funds rate range of 4.75% to 5% was extraordinary for a growing economy, and it is anticipated that the Federal Reserve will revert to its standard quarter-point adjustment.

Excessive monetary loosening could trigger a surge in consumer demand just as it begins to reach a manageable rate.

Could we witness deflation if the 2% target is overshot?

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U.S. consumer prices rose by 0.2% in September 2024 – higher than expected at 2.4%

U.S. CPI

Over the past year, the rate of U.S. price increases accelerated unexpectedly in September 2024, as policymakers considered their decision on interest rates, as indicated in a U.S. Labor Department report on Thursday 10th October 2024.

Sticky U.S. inflation

The consumer price index (CPI), which measures the cost of goods and services throughout the U.S. economy, rose by 0.2% for the month, resulting in an annual inflation rate of 2.4%. Both figures were 0.1% than ‘forecast’.

When food and energy are excluded, the core prices saw a 0.3% increase for the month, leading to an annual rate of 3.3%. These core figures were also 0.1% above the ‘forecast’.

The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics noted that the majority of the inflation rise – over three quarters of the increase was due to a 0.4% surge in food prices and a 0.2% rise in shelter costs.

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The Fed says smaller rate cuts not bigger to come

Federal Reserve

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell recently stated that the latest half-percent reduction in interest rates should not be interpreted as a sign that future measures will be equally as aggressive.

The Fed suggests that subsequent adjustments will likely be more ‘modest’.

In his address, the central bank’s chief highlighted their goal to balance curbing inflation with maintaining a robust labour market, basing future decisions on data insights.

‘Moving forward, should the economy evolve as widely expected, our policy stance will progressively adjust towards neutrality. Yet, we are not bound to a fixed course,‘ he clarified during in his statement. ‘Risks are two-way, and our resolutions will be determined one meeting at a time.‘

The Federal Reserve believe, as noted in a recent update, that they are just millimetres away from that ‘elusive’ economic soft landing.

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New Zealand central bank cuts rates by 0.50%

New Zealand Central Bank

New Zealand’s central bank has reduced its benchmark interest rate by 0.50% points following its monetary policy meeting, resulting in a consecutive interest rate reduction

This decrease sets the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s interest rate at 4.75%, down from 5.25%. Economists surveyed by Reuters had anticipated this move.

Previously in August, the RBNZ made an ‘unexpected’ interest rate cut of 25 basis points. The central bank indicated that the extent of future reductions would hinge on its confidence in maintaining a low inflation environment.

In a statement, the central bank stated that it ‘assesses that annual consumer price inflation is within its 1% to 3% inflation target range and converging on the 2 percent midpoint.“

New Zealand’s annual inflation rate reached 7.3% in the June quarter 2022, its highest level in over some 30 years. NZ inflation has since dropped to 3.3% as of June 2024, but still remains above the central banks medium term target range of between 1% and 3%.

Analysts are expecting a further cut in November 2024.

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Euro zone inflation falls to 1.8% in September 2024 below the ECB target of 2%

In September 2024, inflation in the Euro zone fell to 1.8%, falling below the European Central Bank’s target of 2%, according to early data from Eurostat released on Tuesday 1st October 2024

Excluding the more volatile prices of energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco, the core inflation rate stood at 2.7%, marginally below the anticipated forecasts.

This inflation figure matched the predictions of economists.

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German inflation falls to 1.8% in September 2024

CPI data Germany

In September 2024, the German consumer price index softened to 1.8%, falling below expectations based on preliminary data from Destatis, the national statistics office.

Month-on-month, the preliminary harmonized CPI saw a slight decrease of 0.1%.

According to recent analysis, the last instance of the German harmonized CPI falling below 2%, the inflation target rate of the European Central Bank, was in February 2021.

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U.S. Fed preferred inflation measure came in at 2.2% in August 2024

U.S. Core PCE inflation measure

In August 2024, U.S. inflation edged closer to the Federal Reserve’s target, potentially paving the way for future reductions in interest rates, according to a report from the U.S. Commerce Department released Friday 27th September 2024

The personal consumption expenditures price index (PCE), which is the Fed’s preferred gauge for assessing the cost of goods and services in the U.S. economy, increased by 0.1% for the month. This increment set the annual inflation rate at 2.2%.

Economists had anticipated a 0.1% monthly increase in the PCE inflation figure and a 2.3% rise from the previous year.

When food and energy are excluded, the core PCE, which rose by 0.1% in August 2024, showed a 2.7% increase from the same period last year.

Federal Reserve officials often give more weight to the core PCE as a more accurate indicator of long-term inflationary trends. The projections were 0.2% monthly and 2.7% annually.

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U.S. cuts interest rate aggressively by 0.50% bringing the Fed rate range to 4.75% – 5.0%

U.S. interest rate

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has voted to reduce the interest rate by 0.50% after having maintained its benchmark rate within the range of 5.25% to 5.50% since July 2023

The previous rate was the highest seen for 23 years and remained unchanged even though the Fed’s favoured inflation gauge has decreased from 3.3% to 2.5%, and the unemployment rate has climbed from 3.5% to 4.2% during this period.

Following the interest rate cut today, 18th September 2024 of 0.50%, the new rate now stands at 4.75% to 5.0%.

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UK inflation sticks at 2.2% unchanged in August 2024

UK inflation

UK inflation was reported at 2.2% for August 2024, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) data released on Wednesday 18th August 2024

The consumer price index (CPI) figure aligned with the forecasts of analysts and remained consistent with July’s inflation rate of 2.2%.

Previously, the headline CPI had stabilised at 2% in both May and June 2024, which met the Bank of England’s target rate.

UK inflation data from the ONS
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U.S. PPI wholesale prices rose 0.2% in August 2024

U.S. PPI data

In August 2024, wholesale prices saw an increase that was roughly in line with expectations, marking the final inflation data point before the Federal Reserve’s anticipated interest rate cut due on 18th September 2024

The Bureau of Labor Statistics announced on Thursday 12th September 2024 that the producer price index (PPI), which measures the prices received by producers for goods and services for final demand, increased by 0.2% for the month, matching the consensus estimate.

Excluding food and energy, the PPI experienced a 0.3% increase, slightly above the 0.2% consensus estimate. This core increase persisted even when trade services were removed from the calculation.

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In August 2024 – U.S. consumer prices increased by 0.2% with core inflation exceeding expectations

U.S. CPI statistics

As anticipated in the U.S., prices rose in August 2024, while the annual inflation rate fell to its lowest point since February 2021, according to a Labor Department report on Wednesday 11th September 2024.

This development likely now paves the way for a Federal Reserve interest rate reduction next week but maybe by only 0.25% and not the 0.50% some pundits have predicted.

The consumer price index, which measures a wide array of goods and services costs throughout the U.S. economy, rose by 0.2% for the month, matching the consensus, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

This increase brought the year-on-year inflation rate to 2.5%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from July 2024 and slightly below the 2.6% prediction.

Nevertheless, the core CPI, which omits the more fluctuating food and energy prices, saw a 0.3% rise for the month, just above the 0.2% projection. The annual core inflation rate stood at 3.2%, consistent with expectations.

Data: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Is the ‘eagerly anticipated’ Fed interest rate cut (due in September 2024) – too little too late?

Federal Reserve

Is the U.S. economy already weaker than the headline data suggests and should the U.S. Federal Reserve already be easing?

In the U.S. recent data (Friday 30th August 2024) showed the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, the Federal Reserve’s favored measure of inflation, ticked up 0.2% last month, as expected. The data seems to back a smaller rate cut.

The question of whether the economy is weaker than headline data suggests and if the U.S. Federal Reserve should already be easing is complex.

The gross domestic product (GDP) increased at an annual rate of 3% in Q2 of 2024, which is a positive indicator. However, the U.S. current-account deficit widened, and personal income and outlays show mixed signals with a slight increase in personal income but a higher increase in personal outlays.

Inflation remains above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target but well below the pandemic-era peak. These factors suggest that while there are positive aspects to the U.S. economy, there are also challenges that may warrant caution from the Federal Reserve.

Is the market too focused on forecasting the size of any possible upcoming cut? “The question no one has asked yet is why is the policy rate is still at 5.5% when inflation is down to almost 2.5%? It would most likely be an error to do a ‘bigger’ rate cut in this kind of environment with all the uncertainty that the U.S. economy is facing.

Jobs data trends are also an important factor and play a major role in decision making. Company performance and future performance predictions are critical to help judge policy direction.

Decisions on monetary policy easing would be based on a comprehensive analysis of all economic indicators and trends.

If the FED go BIG on a rate cut some say it could be very dangerous and spook the markets.

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Euro zone inflation falls to 2.2% – a 3-year low

EU inflation drops

Inflation in the Euro zone decreased to a three-year low of 2.2% in August 2024, according to preliminary data from Eurostat released on Friday 30th August 2024

The core inflation rate, which excludes the volatile elements of energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco, dropped to 2.8% in August from July’s 2.9%, aligning with predictions.

Market expectations have fully incorporated a 0.25% rate cut by the ECB in September 2024, following its initial rate reduction in June 2024, with anticipation of an additional 0.25% reduction before year-end.

This follows a slowdown in price increases in Germany, the largest economy in the eurozone, which cooled to an unexpected 2% for the month, according to the index of consumer prices.

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U.S. inflation slows in July 2024

U.S. inflation

U.S. consumer prices (CPI) increased at the slowest rate in over three years last month, further supporting the argument for the Fed to begin reducing interest rates.

According to the U.S. Labor Department, prices climbed 2.9% in the 12 months leading up to July 2024, marking the smallest yearly rise since March 2021 and a decrease from 3% in June 2024.

The monthly inflation report was under intense scrutiny following indications of weaker-than-anticipated job growth in July, which earlier this month led to upheaval in the stock market and concerns about a recession.

Analysts have suggested that these figures should persuade the Federal Reserve that the elevated borrowing costs are effectively bringing inflation back to its target levels, despite the recent increases in housing and food prices.

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U.S. wholesale inflation rose 0.1% in July 2024 by less than expected

U.S. economic inflation PPI data

In July 2024, a principal indicator of U.S. wholesale inflation climbed less than anticipated, potentially paving the way for the Federal Reserve to begin reducing interest rates.

The Producer Price Index (PPI), which is a gauge of wholesale inflation, saw a modest increase of 0.1% for the month of July, falling short of the 0.2% prediction. Excluding food and energy, the PPI remained unchanged.

Year-on-year, the headline U.S. PPI ascended by 2.2%, marking a significant decline from June’s 2.7% figure.

Should the Federal Reserve not proceed now with a rate cut VERY soon, it is probable that a ‘frenzy’ of ‘catch-up’ rate cuts will ensue to counteract a struggling economy.

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Slower and smaller-than-expected rate cuts. A slowing U.S. economy and a potential AI bubble – does this all add up to a coming bear market?

Witches' stocks cauldron

The stock markets mix of toil and trouble is in the cauldron ready for a bear market in 2025, if not before.

Why?

  • Fed to resist reducing rates to the market’s desired 3.50%.
  • Profits unlikely from now on to fulfill expectations, because the U.S. economy is slowing.
  • AI sector is in or close to ‘bubble territory’.
  • Debt.
  • Geopolitical concerns.

These concerns are now all combining, and it will likely add-up to a bear market of around 25% in 2025 (this is my best guess).

Remember – make your own decisions and always, always do your own careful research. Seek professional financial advice if in doubt.

RESEARCH! RESEARCH! RESEARCH!

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Markets got to hear exactly what they wanted to hear from Fed chair Jerome Powell

FOMC

FOMC hold rates steady at 5.25% – 5.50%

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell ended a press conference in which he gave markets exactly what they wanted; a strong indication of a September 2024 rate cut.

Powell says September 2024 rate cut ‘on the table’ if inflation continues to cool.

Federal Reserve officials held short-term interest rates steady but observed that inflation is getting closer to its 2% target.

The FOMC did not signal an immediate rate cut; they reiterated that further progress is necessary before considering rate reductions. However, Federal Reserve Chair Powell’s subsequent statement was markedly dovish, hinting at a potential rate cut in September 2024.

Markets were generally happy with the news after moving up all day in anticipation of the confirmation of a September cut. The Dow Jones, Nasdaq, Russell 2000 and S&P 500 all climbed before and after the news.

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Euro zone inflation rises to 2.6% in July 2024 – above expectations

Euro Zone data

In July 2024, inflation in the euro zone unexpectedly increased to 2.6%, as reported by the European Union’s statistics agency on Wednesday 31st July 2024.

Core EU inflation, which omits the more volatile prices of energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco, reached 2.9% in July, surpassing expectations.

Services inflation, a closely monitored indicator, registered at 4% for July, marking a slight decrease from the 4.1% figure in June.

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The Dow closed 650 points higher Friday 26th July 2024 – lifted by a positive inflation data

U.S. stock charts and flag

On Friday 26th July 2024, U.S. stocks surged, and Wall Street concluded a volatile week on an upbeat note as investors considered the latest U.S. inflation data.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average soared 654 points to settle at 40589. The S&P 500 climbed to 5459 while the Nasdaq Composite advanced around 1% to close at 17357.

Dow Jones as at: 26th July 2024 – one day chart

Dow Jones as at: 26th July 2024 – one day chart

The upward movement was attributed to a mix of oversold conditions, a U.S. GDP report on Thursday 25th July 2024 that exceeded expectations, and the anticipation that the Federal Reserve will start reducing rates in response to the economy’s demonstrated resilience.

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UK inflation holds at Bank of England’s 2% target but above projections

UK inflation

U.K. inflation matched the Bank of England’s target of 2% in June 2024, as calculated by data from the Official for National Statistics on Wednesday 17th July 2024.

The main figure was slightly higher than the 1.9% forecast by analysts surveyed by Reuters, aligning with May’s 2% figure.

Following the announcement, the value of Sterling increased modestly, reaching $1.2977 at 7:21 a.m. British Summer Time.

The Bank of England (BoE) closely monitors services inflation due to its significant role in the U.K. economy and as an indicator of domestic price increases, which remained at 5.7% in June. Service inflation remains a stubborn issue and a problem still for the BoE.

The core inflation rate, which excludes energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco, stood at 3.5%, consistent with the rate seen in May 2024.

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What the Fed said

Federal Reserve

Jerome Powell appears to be further paving the way for a rate cut at the next meeting in July 2024.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell reportedly said Monday 15th July 2024 that the central bank will not wait until inflation hits 2% to cut interest rates.

Powell referenced the idea that central bank policy works with ‘long and variable lags’ to explain why the Fed wouldn’t wait for its target to be hit.

‘The implication of that is that if you wait until inflation gets all the way down to 2%, you’ve probably waited too long, because the tightening that you’re doing, or the level of tightness that you have, is still having effects which will probably drive inflation below 2%,’ Powell reportedly said.

Instead, the Fed is looking for ‘greater confidence’ that inflation will return to the 2% level, Powell remarked.

‘What increases that confidence in that is more good inflation data, and lately here we have been getting some of that,’ he reportedly said.

Powell also said he thinks a ‘hard landing’ for the U.S. economy was not ‘a likely scenario.’

It looks like it is time for that rate cut, he didn’t say that!

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U.S. inflation falls 0.1% from May to June 2024 further adding to speculation of an imminent Fed rate cut

Sale

The Consumer Price Index (CPI), a comprehensive gauge for goods and services costs, saw a 0.1% decrease from May 2024, bringing the annual rate to 3%, which is near its lowest point in over three years.

When removing the unstable food and energy prices, the core CPI rose by 0.1% monthly and 3.3% annually. This year-over-year core rate increment is the least since April 2021.

Inflation for the month was tempered by a 3.8% drop in gasoline (petrol) prices, which balanced out the 0.2% rises in both food prices and housing costs.

Date: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Federal Reserve chair Powell says keeping rates high for too long could jeopardize growth

Banker giving a speech

Jerome Powell on Tuesday 9th July 2024 reportedly expressed concern that holding interest rates too high for too long could jeopardize economic growth. This comment came ahead of the consumer price index reading due this week.

Preparing for a two-day session on Capitol Hill, the central bank chief stated that the economy and labour market continue to be robust, even with some recent slowdown. Powell noted a slight reduction in inflation, affirming that policymakers are determined to reduce it to their target of 2%.

“At the same time, in light of the progress made both in lowering inflation and in cooling the labour market over the past two years, elevated inflation is not the only risk we face,” he reportedly said. “Reducing policy restraint too late or too little could unduly weaken economic activity and employment.”

Sounds to me like he is paving the way for the first interest rate reduction.

The comment ties-in with the upcoming one-year period since the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) last increased the benchmark interest rates.

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China’s inflation data missed projections – rising 0.2% in June 2024

China CPI data

China’s consumer price inflation rose by 0.2% in June 2024 from a year ago, falling short of expectations. Meanwhile, producer prices remained in line with forecasts.

Main points

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

China’s CPI was expected to rise by 0.4% year-on-year in June, according to poll conducted by Reuters. However, the actual increase was only 0.2%. Lacklustre domestic demand has contributed to keeping inflation subdued in China, unlike major economies such as the U.S., where prices have remained elevated.

Producer Price Index (PPI) 

The PPI, which measures factory-gate prices, dropped by 0.8% from a year ago, aligning with expectations. This reflects the ongoing challenges faced by manufacturers and businesses.

Core CPI

Stripping out more volatile food and energy prices, core CPI rose by 0.6% year-on-year in June. While this is slightly slower than the 0.7% increase for the first six months of the year, it indicates a relatively stable inflation trend.

Pork and beef

Notably, pork prices surged by 18.1% in June compared to a year ago, while beef prices fell by 13.4%.

In summary, China’s inflation remains subdued due to weak demand, even as other global economies experience higher price pressures. Policymakers will closely monitor these trends to ensure economic stability.

Note: this information is based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics and reflects the situation as of 10th July 2024.