Category: Economoney

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What’s going on in the U.S. bond market?

Treasury yields

The U.S. bond market is experiencing some turbulence due to rising Treasury yields and concerns over government debt.

Investors are demanding higher yields because they’re worried about the GOP’s tax-cut plans, which could lead to increased borrowing and a larger deficit.

Additionally, the recent Trump tax bill has caused Treasury bond yields to surge, as investors anticipate more government debt issuance. Moody’s has also downgraded the U.S. credit rating, adding to market jitters.

The bond market’s reaction is significant because higher yields can lead to increased borrowing costs across the economy, affecting everything from mortgages to corporate financing.

Japan

Japan’s bond market is facing significant turbulence, with yields on 40-year government bonds hitting an all-time high. This surge in yields is causing concerns about capital repatriation, as Japanese investors may start pulling funds from the U.S. and other foreign markets.

The Bank of Japan’s reduced bond purchases have contributed to this trend, leading to weaker demand for long-term government debt. Analysts warn that if Japanese investors begin moving their capital back home, it could trigger a global financial market shake-up.

Additionally, Japan’s Finance Ministry is considering reducing the issuance of super-long bonds to stabilise the market. However, recent auctions have shown weak demand, raising concerns about the effectiveness of this strategy.

Europe

The European bond market is experiencing some shifts due to falling government bond yields and easing U.S. – EU trade tensions.

German 10-year bund yields dropped by 4 basis points, reflecting increased investor confidence.

UK and French 10-year bond yields also declined by 4 basis points, while Italian bonds saw a 2 basis point dip.

Long-term UK gilts experienced the biggest movement, with 20 and 30-year yields falling by 7 basis points.

This decline in yields suggests higher demand for European government debt, possibly due to investors shifting away from U.S. assets amid concerns over U.S. fiscal health.

UK

The UK bond market is facing some challenges, with the IMF warning that it is vulnerable to sudden shocks due to a growing reliance on hedge funds and foreign investors.

30-year gilt yields have hit 5.5%, the highest in over three decades.

The Bank of England’s quantitative tightening and increased bond issuance are putting pressure on the market.

The Debt Management Office (DMO) is shifting towards short-dated debt to reduce long-term interest costs.

Additionally, the UK government has launched a new 30-year gilt offering 5.375% interest, which is attracting investor attention.

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China’s industrial profit accelerates in April 2025 – despite Trump’s tariffs

China factory output

Despite the heavy tariffs imposed by former U.S. President Donald Trump, China’s industrial sector has demonstrated remarkable resilience.

In April 2025, industrial profits rose by 3%, marking the second consecutive month of growth.

This increase was largely driven by Beijing’s strategic policy measures, which cushioned the impact of the tariffs and supported private enterprises.

In the first four months of 2025 China’s industrial profits rose 1.4%, according to data released on 27th May 2025.

Trump’s administration had levied tariffs as high as 145% on Chinese imports, prompting Beijing to retaliate with its own trade restrictions.

However, rather than crippling China’s manufacturing sector, these tariffs led to a shift in trade dynamics. Chinese exporters successfully found alternative markets, particularly in Southeast Asia and Europe, mitigating the losses from reduced U.S. trade.

It isn’t unusual for businesses to weather and absorb such tariffs but more usually, the consumer bears the brunt and pays some, if not all, of the increased costs.

High-tech manufacturing and equipment production saw notable gains, with profits in these sectors rising by 9% in the first four months of the year.

Additionally, government subsidies for consumer electronics and appliances helped boost domestic demand, further stabilising industrial growth.

While state-owned enterprises reportedly faced challenges, private firms and foreign-invested businesses saw profits improve.

Analysts suggest that China’s ability to adapt to external shocks underscores the resilience of its industrial economy, even in the face of aggressive trade policies

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Japan’s core inflation rises to 3.5% – higher than expected

Japan economic data

Japan’s inflation figures for April 2025 have revealed a continued rise in consumer prices, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) climbing 3.6% year-on-year.

This marks a sustained period of inflation above the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ) target of 2%, prompting speculation about potential interest rate hikes later in the year.

Core inflation, which excludes fresh food, rose 3.5% YoY, exceeding market expectations. A major driver of this surge has been food prices, particularly rice, which has soared by an astonishing 98% compared to last year.

The sharp increase has led the government to release emergency stockpiles to stabilise the market.

The BoJ faces a delicate balancing act. While inflation remains strong, economic uncertainty – partly fueled by U.S. tariffs, could complicate monetary policy decisions. The central bank has already raised rates in recent months but has paused further hikes to assess the broader economic impact.

With inflationary pressures persisting, analysts predict that the BoJ may tighten policy again by October 2025.

Concerns over global trade and domestic economic stability could influence the timing of any further rate adjustments.

The core inflation increase of 3.5% was far higher than expected.

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UK inflation hits 3.5% in April 2025 as household bills surge

UK inflation up!

UK inflation rose to 3.5% in April 2025, exceeding expectations and placing further financial strain on households.

The increase, reported by the Office for National Statistics, was driven by higher energy costs, water bills, and taxation pressures on businesses.

One of the most striking factors behind the surge was the 26.1% increase in water and sewerage costs, the largest recorded jump since 1988.

This, combined with electricity and gas prices, contributed to the unexpected rise in inflation. Meanwhile, falling fuel prices and clothing discounts helped mitigate some of the upward pressure.

The Bank of England, which had forecasted inflation at 3.4%, may now reconsider its approach to interest rates. A sustained period of inflation over 3% could delay potential rate cuts, impacting mortgage rates and borrowing costs.

Despite concerns, economists believe inflation should gradually ease in the coming months. However, persistent cost pressures on household essentials mean many families will continue to feel the squeeze.

The Bank of England will be closely monitoring economic trends before making further financial decisions.

With inflation unexpectedly climbing, individuals may need to rethink their budgets, spending habits, and savings strategies for the months ahead.

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China’s retail and industrial growth slows amid ongoing tariff driven economic uncertainty

China retail data

China’s economy showed signs of slowing in April 2025, with both retail sales and industrial output missing expectations.

Retail sales grew 5.1% year-on-year, falling short of analysts’ forecasts of 5.5% growth. The slowdown reflects weak consumer sentiment, driven by deflationary pressures and uncertainty in the housing market.

While categories like gold and jewellery (+25.3%) and furniture (+26.9%) saw strong growth, car sales stagnated at just 0.7%.

Industrial production expanded 6.1% year-on-year, down from 7.7% in March 2025. The decline was largely attributed to tariff trade war tensions, which have disrupted exports.

However, fixed-asset investment rose 4% in the first four months of 2025, signalling continued infrastructure spending.

Despite the slowdown, China remains confident in achieving its 5% GDP growth target for the year. The government has introduced stimulus measures, including interest rate cuts and liquidity injections, to stabilise the economy.

With global trade uncertainties and domestic economic challenges, China’s policymakers face a delicate balancing act to sustain growth while addressing structural weaknesses.

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Moody’s Downgrades U.S. Credit Rating Amid Rising Debt Concerns

U.S. credit rating downgrade

Moody’s Investors Service has downgraded the United States’ sovereign credit rating from Aaa to Aa1, citing concerns over the country’s growing debt burden and rising interest costs.

This marks the first time Moody’s has lowered the U.S. rating, aligning it with previous downgrades by Standard & Poor’s (2011) and Fitch Ratings (2023).

The downgrade reflects the increasing difficulty the U.S. government faces in managing its fiscal deficit, which has ballooned to $1.05 trillion – a 13% increase from the previous year.

Moody’s analysts noted that successive administrations have failed to implement effective measures to curb spending, leading to a projected U.S. debt burden of 134% of GDP by 2035.

Market reactions were swift, with U.S. Treasury yields rising and stock futures sliding as investors reassessed the risk associated with U.S. assets. The downgrade could lead to higher borrowing costs for the government and businesses, potentially slowing economic growth.

Despite the downgrade, Moody’s emphasised that the U.S. retains exceptional credit strengths, including its large, resilient economy and the continued dominance of the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency.

However, without significant fiscal reforms, further credit rating adjustments may be inevitable.

Time to print some more money…

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Trump does deals!

U.S. does deals!

Trump Secures Over $1.4 Trillion in Landmark Middle East Trade Agreements

President Donald Trump’s recent visit to the Middle East has resulted in a wave of economic agreements totaling over $1.4 trillion, marking one of the largest trade expansions between the region and the United States.

With a focus on investment, defence, and technology, Trump’s approach has emphasised strengthening economic ties rather than engaging in broader geopolitical discussions.

Qatar: aviation and defence take centre stage

One of the most eye-catching deals came from Qatar, where Qatar Airways finalised a $96 billion agreement to purchase 210 Boeing jets – the largest Boeing order in history.

This commitment not only bolsters Qatar’s aviation industry but also solidifies Boeing’s future as a leader in global aerospace manufacturing.

Additionally, Qatar has pledged $243.5 billion toward investments in quantum technology and defence systems, reinforcing the country’s push toward technological advancement.

Defence agreements also played a role, with Qatar signing a $1 billion deal for cutting-edge drone defence technology and a $2 billion contract for advanced remotely piloted aircraft.

These acquisitions align with the country’s long-term strategic vision of modernising its military capabilities.

Saudi Arabia: the biggest beneficiary

Saudi Arabia emerged as the biggest beneficiary of Trump’s visit, securing $600 billion in investment commitments across multiple sectors.

The kingdom allocated $142 billion toward military equipment and services, ensuring continued collaboration between U.S. defence contractors and Saudi leadership.

This agreement spans air defence systems, next-generation fighter jets, and cybersecurity infrastructure, strengthening Saudi Arabia’s military.

Beyond defence, Saudi Arabia also inked deals in AI infrastructure, energy projects, and technology investments, positioning itself as a hub for digital transformation.

By incorporating AI-driven solutions into its economy, the kingdom aims to enhance productivity and accelerate its shift toward a diversified financial landscape.

United Arab Emirates: AI

United Arab Emirates secured $200 billion in deals, featuring a 10-square-mile AI campus in Abu Dhabi and a $14.5 billion aircraft investment by Etihad Airways

Strategic impact

Trump’s visit signifies a shift in U.S. foreign policy, focusing heavily on economic partnerships rather than traditional diplomatic negotiations.

By securing these agreements, the administration aims to strengthen American industries, bolster employment, and ensure a steady flow of investment into the U.S. economy.

While critics may argue that the deals lack a geopolitical dimension, the sheer scale of $1.4 trillion in transactions underscores Trump’s intent to foster long-term financial alliances.

The coming months will determine whether these agreements yield sustainable benefits or spark concerns over economic dependencies.

Donald Trump’s Middle East tour has reportedly resulted in over $1.4 trillion in investment pledges. His deals span multiple sectors, including defence, aviation, artificial intelligence, and energy.

Deal summary

Saudi Arabia committed $600 billion in investments, including a $142 billion defence partnership and AI infrastructure deals.

Qatar signed $243 billion in agreements, including a $96 billion Boeing aircraft purchase.

United Arab Emirates secured $200 billion in deals, featuring a 10-square-mile AI campus in Abu Dhabi and a $14.5 billion aircraft investment by Etihad Airways.

Trump’s tour has been framed as a push for foreign investment to boost U.S. manufacturing while Gulf states aim to accelerate AI development and diversify their economies

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UK first quarter GDP better than expected at 0.7%

UK GDP up!

The UK economy has defied expectations, recording a 0.7% increase in GDP in the first quarter of 2025 – better than the forecast of 0.6%.

This surge places Britain ahead of economic heavyweights, including the United States, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany.

A key driver of this growth has been the service sector, which demonstrated resilience amid global economic uncertainty. Production also experienced a boost, further solidifying the UK’s standing as an economic force.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves was quick to praise the achievement, citing the government’s commitment to fostering stability and investment.

However, economists are watching closely as Britain navigates potential challenges ahead, particularly in light of the latest global trade tariffs imposed by Donald Trump in April.

These new restrictions could slow growth in the coming months, but for now, the economy is holding firm. However, the UK – U.S. tariff deal is likely to lessen the overall impact and present a further improvement in the second quarter.

With businesses continuing to adapt to shifting market conditions, the UK’s better-than-expected performance is a welcome sign.

Data source: Home – Office for National Statistics

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U.S. inflation rate at 2.3% in April 2025 – less than expected

U.S. inflation

April 2025 saw the U.S. inflation rate ease to 2.3%, marking its lowest level since February 2021.

The consumer price index (CPI) rose 0.2% for the month, aligning with expectations but slightly below the forecasted 2.4% annual rate.

Core CPI, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, also increased 0.2%, maintaining a 2.8% year-on-year rate.

Shelter costs, which make up a significant portion of the index, rose 0.3%, contributing to more than half of the overall inflation movement.

U.S. egg prices dropped 12.7%, though they remained 49.3% higher than a year ago.

The impact of Trump’s tariffs remains uncertain, with negotiations potentially influencing inflation trends in the coming months.

Court to judge on legality of ‘reciprocal’ tariffs

U.S. Court of International Trade is set to hear arguments in a case challenging President Donald Trump’s tariffs.

The lawsuit filed by five domestic businesses argues that the law Trump invoked to impose his ‘reciprocal’ tariffs does not actually give him the power he claims.

The Department of Justice maintains that that law ‘clearly’ authorises the president to impose tariffs.

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Trump tariff roll-back – a win for China? U.S. markets rejoice the ‘deal’

U.S. markets gain on U.S China tariff roll-back announcement

The U.S. stock market surged as investors cheered a breakthrough in trade negotiations between Washington and Beijing.

The rollback of tariffs, announced as part of a new trade agreement, sent the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and Nasdaq Composite soaring.

The deal, which slashes ‘reciprocal’ tariffs on both sides, is seen as a major de-escalation in the ongoing trade war that has rattled global markets for years.

Wall Street’s Reaction

Markets responded with enthusiasm as the Dow Jones Industrial Average jumped over 1,000 points, while the S&P 500 climbed more than 2.5%, and the Nasdaq surged by nearly 3%.

Investors had been wary of prolonged trade tensions, which had weighed heavily on corporate earnings and economic growth.

The tariff rollback signals a potential thaw in relations, boosting confidence across sectors, particularly in technology, retail, and manufacturing.

Tariff rollback

Under the agreement, U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports will be reduced from 145% to 30%, while China’s tariffs on American goods will drop from 125% to 10%. The reductions will be in effect for 90 days, allowing both nations to continue negotiations on a broader trade framework.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent emphasised that neither side wants a complete decoupling, and the rollback is intended to restore trade flows disrupted by years of economic brinkmanship.

China’s perspective: A strategic victory?

While the U.S. markets celebrated, China views the deal as a significant win. Beijing has sought relief from the steep tariffs imposed by Washington, which had strained its export-driven economy.

The agreement not only reduces financial pressure on Chinese manufacturers but also positions China as a key player in shaping future trade policies.

Some analysts argue that Beijing successfully leveraged its economic resilience to push Washington toward concessions, reinforcing its global influence.

Looking ahead

Despite the optimism, uncertainties remain. The 90-day window for negotiations suggests that further trade disputes could arise if talks stall. But will the U.S. allow that after the stock market turmoil Trump’s tariffs originally created?

Additionally, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell cautioned that while sentiment has improved, the economic impact of previous tariffs has yet to fully materialise. Investors will be watching closely for signs of sustained progress, as any setbacks could trigger renewed volatility.

For now, Wall Street is basking in the relief of a tariff truce, with hopes that this momentum will lead to a more stable and predictable trade environment.

Whether this marks the beginning of a lasting resolution or just a temporary reprieve remains to be seen.

It is most likely now a platform for the U.S. to benefit from generally lower tariffs in the future.

There will again be cheap goods on U.S. shelves in time for Christmas.

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U.S. and China agree 90-day ‘reciprocal’ tariff pause and reduction deal

Tariff trade war 90-day pause

In a surprising breakthrough, the United States and China have agreed to suspend most tariffs on each other’s goods for 90 days, marking a significant step toward easing trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies.

Following high-stakes negotiations in Geneva, representatives from both nations announced that reciprocal tariffs would be slashed from 125% to 10%, significantly lowering trade barriers.

However, the U.S. will continue imposing 20% tariffs on Chinese imports related to fentanyl, meaning total tariffs on Chinese goods will settle at 30%.

The agreement signals a temporary thaw in what has been a long-standing economic standoff between Washington and Beijing. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who played a leading role in the discussions, described the talks as ‘very productive’, crediting the location for fostering an atmosphere of cooperation.

While this move could provide immediate relief for businesses and consumers impacted by trade restrictions, analysts caution that the 90-day suspension may not translate into a long-term solution.

Some experts speculate that ongoing trade negotiations could lead to further reductions, while others warn that unresolved tensions could lead to reinstated tariffs if agreements stall.

For now, the deal presents an opportunity for renewed dialogue, leaving global markets optimistic about future relations between the two economic powerhouses.

How the next three months unfold will determine whether this development is a stepping stone to broader reforms or simply a temporary reprieve in a complex trade dispute.

I expect Trump, having instigated the ‘tariff’ upheaval, will happily hang on to this ‘deal’ with China to avoid any further stock market turmoil.

What really just happened? The markets seem to be rewarding a situation that was artificially created and then ‘fixed’.

Aren’t we simply back where we were before the Trump tariff onslaught or is this really a ‘promise’ for better ‘deals’ to come?

Has it opened a door for better relations?

Create a problem… fix a problem!

It’s all about the U.S.

We’ll see…

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China’s Exports Defy Tariff Pressures, Surge 8.1% in April

China World Trade

Despite the weight of U.S. tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump, China’s export sector has shown remarkable resilience, posting an 8.1% increase in April 2025 compared to the previous year.

This surge comes as a surprise, surpassing economists’ expectations of a modest 1.9% rise.

While China’s outbound shipments to the U.S. plunged by over 21%, exports to Southeast Asian nations soared by 20.8%, with Indonesia and Thailand seeing particularly strong growth.

This shift suggests that Chinese exporters are successfully redirecting their goods to alternative markets, mitigating the impact of U.S. trade restrictions.

The tariffs, which now stand at 145% on Chinese imports, were designed to pressure Beijing into trade concessions. In response, China retaliated with 125% duties on American goods, further escalating tensions.

However, analysts suggest that some of China’s export growth may be attributed to transshipment through third countries and contracts signed before the tariffs took effect.

Despite the export boom, China’s factory activity has taken a hit, falling to a 16-month low in April 2025, with new export orders dropping to their lowest level since December 2022.

Concerns are mounting that the tariffs could spill over into the job market, with estimates suggesting China could lose 16 million jobs tied to U.S. – bound production.

As both nations prepare for high-level trade talks in Switzerland, there is cautious optimism that a phased rollback of tariffs could be on the horizon.

While a comprehensive deal remains elusive, even minor tariff reductions could provide relief to businesses on both sides.

The coming months will be crucial in determining whether China can sustain its export momentum or if the tariff war will take a deeper toll on its economy.

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Bank of England cuts interest rates by 0.25% to 4.25%

BoE

The Bank of England has cut interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.25% on 8th May 2025 marking its fourth reduction since August 2023.

The decision, backed by a majority of the Monetary Policy Committee, reflects easing inflation pressures and a need to support economic growth.

Inflation, currently at 2.6%, is expected to rise temporarily to 3.5% due to household bill increases.

The cut will provide relief to homeowners and businesses facing high borrowing costs.

However, policymakers remain cautious, balancing growth stimulation with inflation control. Markets anticipate further cuts, potentially bringing rates down to 3.25% by year-end.

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U.S. Federal Reserve holds interest rates at 4.25% – 4.50% and upsets Trump in the process

Tariffs and the U.S. economy?

The Federal Reserve held its key interest rate steady at 4.25% – 4.50% on 7th May 2025, citing economic uncertainty and the potential impact of tariffs.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell emphasised that the central bank is in wait-and-see mode, monitoring inflation and employment risks.

The decision follows concerns that Trump’s trade policies could lead to stagflation, with rising prices and slowing growth.

While markets reacted positively, analysts remain divided on whether the Fed will cut rates later this year.

Powell stated that future adjustments will depend on evolving economic conditions and the balance of risks.

Trump’s take on this decision was reportedly to call Powell… a fool.

What is stagflation?

Stagflation is an economic condition where high inflation, stagnant economic growth, and high unemployment occur simultaneously.

It presents a challenge for policymakers because measures to reduce inflation can worsen unemployment, while efforts to boost growth may fuel inflation further.

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Signs of weakness in the U.S. economy – is a recession coming and is the United States causing harm to global economies?

Cracking world economies

The U.S. economy is showing cracks as multiple indicators suggest that growth may be slowing.

With GDP shrinking by 0.3% in the first quarter of 2025, concerns about an impending recession have intensified among analysts and investors.

A key driver of this economic downturn is the ongoing trade uncertainty, which has prompted businesses to stock up on imports before new tariffs take effect.

While some experts argue this is a temporary setback, others caution that prolonged trade conflicts could stifle growth for months to come.

Resilient labour market

Despite these concerns, the labour market has remained resilient, with unemployment hovering at 4.2%. However, signs of strain are emerging – job openings have declined, and layoffs have picked up in certain industries.

If hiring slows further, consumer spending could weaken, adding pressure to the economy.

Inflation remains another point of concern. Rising costs of goods and services have strained household budgets, leading to reduced discretionary spending.

The Federal Reserve, which has maintained high interest rates, is carefully assessing whether policy adjustments are needed to prevent a sharper downturn.

On Wall Street, sentiment is divided. Goldman Sachs estimates a 45% probability of a recession, while J P Morgan suggests the likelihood could be as high as 60%.

Some economists believe strategic trade deals and government intervention could avert a full-blown recession, but the margin for error is slim.

Does it really matter if there is to be a recession – it will likely be short lived. It will not please the U.S. President Donald Trump.

While uncertainty clouds the future, one thing is clear – the U.S. economy is at a pivotal moment. Whether policymakers can stabilise growth or if the nation is headed towards a deeper slowdown will depend on the next few quarters and the outcome of Trump’s tariffs.

Tudor Investment Corporation

Paul Tudor Jones, the founder of Tudor Investment Corporation, recently shared his outlook on the U.S. economy, and his perspective isn’t exactly optimistic.

He believes that U.S. stocks are likely to hit new lows before the end of the year, even if President Trump dials back tariffs on Chinese imports.

Jones pointed out that the combination of high tariffs and the Federal Reserve’s reluctance to cut interest rates is putting significant pressure on the stock market.

He reportedly noted that even if Trump reduced tariffs to 50% or 40%, it would still amount to one of the largest tax increases since the 1960s, potentially slowing economic growth.

The billionaire investor also warned that unless the Fed adopts a more dovish stance and aggressively cuts rates, the market is likely to continue its downward trajectory.

He reportedly emphasised that the current economic conditions – marked by trade uncertainty and tight monetary policy – are not favourable for a stock market recovery.

Interestingly, Jones also expressed concerns about artificial intelligence, stating that AI poses an imminent threat to humanity within our lifetime.

Maybe AI will start running hedge funds too…?

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FTSE 100 achieves longest unbroken run since inception in 1984 – how significant is this record?

Longest FTSE 100 consecutive daily gains since 1984

The FTSE 100 has made history, recording 15 consecutive days of gains—its longest winning streak since its inception in 1984.

The index closed at 8,596.35 points, marking a 1.17% rise on the final day of the streak.

This remarkable run comes amid the potential of easing trade tensions between the U.S. and China, with signs that tariff negotiations may commence.

Investors have responded positively, driving up stock prices across multiple sectors. Financial stocks, including Barclays and HSBC, have surged following strong earnings reports, while industrial and mining stocks – such as Rolls-Royce and Rio Tinto – have rebounded.

Despite the impressive streak, analysts caution that uncertainty remains. The FTSE 100 has yet to reclaim its record high from March 2025, and concerns over global trade policies could limit further gains.

However, the index has still outperformed expectations, rising 4.9% over six months and 5.1% over the past year.

FTSE 100 one-month chart

FTSE 100 one-month chart

As investors celebrate this milestone, the question remains: can the FTSE 100 sustain its momentum, or is a market correction on the horizon?

Either way, this winning streak has cemented its place in financial history.

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U.S. Economy Contracts in Q1 2025 Amid Trade Policy Uncertainty

U.S. GDP

The U.S. economy shrank by 0.3% in the first quarter of 2025, marking the first contraction since early 2022.

The decline was largely driven by a surge in imports, which soared 41.3%, as businesses rushed to stockpile goods ahead of President Donald Trump’s newly imposed tariffs. Imports subtract from GDP calculations, contributing to the negative growth figure.

Despite the contraction, consumer spending remained positive, increasing 1.8%, though at a slower pace than previous quarters. Private domestic investment also saw a sharp rise of 21.9%, fueled by a 22.5% increase in equipment spending, likely influenced by tariff concerns.

The Federal Reserve faces a complex decision ahead of its upcoming policy meeting. While the negative GDP growth may push the central bank toward interest rate cuts, inflation remains a concern, with the U.S. Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index rising 3.6% for the quarter.

Markets reacted cautiously, with stock futures slipping and Treasury yields climbing. As the Trump administration navigates trade negotiations, economists warn that continued uncertainty could weigh on future growth prospects.

Next up, U.S. employment data.

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Shock but no ‘awe’ in Trump’s first 100 days in office

Sledgehammer policies

U.S. President Donald Trump has definitely brought a lot of shock in the first 100 days of his presidency, smashing trade links, alliances, and even his own government, but it can hardly be said to have left anybody truly in ‘awe’.

Donald Trump’s first 100 days in office during his second term have been a whirlwind of activity, marked by bold moves and significant controversy.

His poll rating is the lowest of any President of recent times for the first 100 days. It currently sits at around 41% (a CNN poll result suggests).

How does it compare?

Harry S. Truman, hit a rock-bottom approval rating of 22% in 1952. Other presidents like Richard Nixon and George W. Bush also dipped below 25%. But these were during their terms and not in the first 100 days.

His administration has focused heavily on reshaping trade policies, imposing tariffs that have disrupted global markets and strained relationships with long-standing allies.

Despite his claims of progress, no major trade deals have been finalised, leaving many questioning the effectiveness of his approach.

Legal challenges

Domestically, Trump’s policies have faced significant legal challenges, with numerous lawsuits filed against his administration. His stance on immigration and energy has sparked heated debates, reflecting the polarising nature of his decisions.

Trump’s ‘drill-baby-drill’ mantra has not had the desire reaction – oil prices has fallen with U.S. oil below $65 a barrel.

The automotive industry, for instance, has grappled with regulatory uncertainty and additional costs due to his tariffs, prompting him to soften some measures in response to industry concerns.

Internationally, Trump’s actions have raised concerns about U.S. credibility and stability. His hostile stance toward traditional allies, such as Canada, the EU and NATO, has left multi-decade relationships in tatters.

Meanwhile, his administration’s handling of the ongoing war in Ukraine and trade negotiations with China has drawn criticism for its lack of tangible results.

Despite these challenges, Trump remains confident in his vision for America. He has claimed progress in tariff negotiations with India, suggesting that a trade deal may be on the horizon.

No deals… yet

There has not been a single trade deal concluded with Trump’s administration – despite him reportedly claiming to have done ‘200 deals’ with only 195 countries in the world.

China is still striking a defiant tone on trade, and the war in Ukraine rages on. The president has also been forced to walk back on his “reciprocal tariffs.” 

However, his administration’s approach has left many wondering whether his first 100 days will be remembered for their impact or their controversy.

As the dust settles, the world watches closely to see how Trump’s policies will shape the future of the United States and its role on the global stage.

Trump may have wanted his first 100 days to be historic, and they were – but for all the wrong reasons.  

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Countries begin to turn away from the U.S. because of Trump’s tariff policies

U.S. tariffs crate uncertainty

Countries are increasingly pivoting away from the United States due to the ripple effects of former President Donald Trump’s tariff policies.

His ‘America First’ ideology, which prioritised domestic interests over international collaboration, assumed that the world needed America more than America needed the world. While this may have held true in certain aspects, the global response suggests otherwise.

Southeast Asian nations, heavily impacted by Trump’s tariffs, have begun strengthening intra-regional trade and diversifying their export destinations.

This shift reflects a growing desire to reduce reliance on the U.S. economy and mitigate the risks associated with its unpredictable trade policies.

Similarly, China, facing significant challenges from the U.S.-China trade war, has ramped up fiscal stimulus and expanded its markets beyond American borders. These moves highlight a strategic effort to counteract the economic pressures imposed by U.S. tariffs.

China has also introduced employment support and hinted at more stimulus as U.S. created trade war tension escalates.

The U.S. has increasingly found itself playing catch-up in critical areas like rare earth elements and minerals. The original U.S. tariff scope has already been adjusted and rolled back.

The 90-day tariff pause being one of them and the reduction of tech related tariffs another.

Trump’s recent executive order to jump-start deep-sea mining underscores America’s attempt to secure access to these strategically important resources, which China currently dominates.

However, this reactive approach may not be enough to recover from the damage already done and to regain lost ground may prove even harder still.

The unintended consequence of Trump’s policies is a more fragmented global trade landscape. Countries are taking measures to strengthen their own economies and reduce dependence on the U.S., potentially leaving America isolated in certain aspects of international affairs.

While the U.S. remains a major player in global trade, its unilateral actions have prompted other nations to explore alternative paths, reshaping the dynamics of global commerce.

This shift serves as a reminder that in an interconnected world, cooperation often yields better outcomes than isolationist policies.

The long-term implications of these changes are yet to fully unfold, but they signal a significant transformation in the global economic order.

Will the U.S. be the loser – or will it become even stronger in the world order?

It was already the world’s number one economy!

It’s not easy to unravel 100’s of years of interconnected world trade.

Why?

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EU reduces interest rate to 2.25%

EU reduces interest rate

The European Central Bank (ECB) announced its seventh consecutive interest rate cut on Thursday 17th April 2025, lowering the rate by 0.25% to 2.25%.

This decision aims to counter economic growth concerns fueled by global trade tensions, particularly the impact of tariffs imposed by the United States.

The ECB’s move is expected to make borrowing more affordable, supporting consumer spending and business investment.

Inflation in the eurozone has fallen to 2.2%, close to the ECB’s target, shifting the focus to growth worries.

The eurozone economy grew by a modest 0.2% in the last quarter of 2024, highlighting the need for measures to stimulate activity.

The ECB’s decision reflects the challenges posed by trade uncertainties and the potential impact of tariffs on European industries.

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No tariffs for Russia?

Russia escapes Trumps tariffs

Russia’s exemption from recent U.S. tariffs has sparked curiosity and debate. While many nations face new trade duties, Russia remains notably absent from the list

This decision stems from a combination of geopolitical, economic, and strategic factors.

One key reason is the existing sanctions imposed on Russia by several countries, including the United States, following its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

These sanctions have already significantly curtailed trade between Russia and its global partners, rendering additional tariffs less impactful.

For instance, U.S.-Russia trade has dwindled to a fraction of its pre-war levels, focusing primarily on strategic goods like fertilisers and chemicals.

Another factor is the ongoing diplomatic efforts to address the conflict in Ukraine. Some analysts suggest that exempting Russia from tariffs could be a strategic move to maintain a channel for negotiation and potential cooperation.

This approach might aim to encourage Russia’s participation in peace talks or other diplomatic initiatives.

Additionally, the structure of Russia’s exports plays a role. Certain goods, such as fertilisers, are critical to global supply chains, and imposing tariffs could disrupt markets and harm economies reliant on these imports.

While the decision has drawn criticism, it underscores the complexities of balancing economic policies with geopolitical realities.

The debate continues as the global community navigates these challenging dynamics caused through the imposition of U.S. tariffs.

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UK economy shows welcome signs of resilience with positive GDP growth and inflation relief

Union Jack flag and stocks charts

The UK economy displayed unexpected resilience in February 2025, with GDP growing by 0.5%.

This figure has exceeded market expectations and provided a welcome boost to UK economic confidence. The growth was fueled by robust activity in the services and manufacturing sectors, which helped counterbalance ongoing challenges in other areas.

February’s performance marks a recovery from the flat growth seen in January 2025, underscoring the adaptive capacity of businesses and consumers alike.

Adding to the positive momentum, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation rate eased to 2.6% in March 2025, down from February’s 2.8%.

The decline in inflation reflects a combination of factors, including falling fuel costs and stable food prices, which have alleviated pressure on household budgets.

This marks the lowest inflation level since late 2024 and aligns with the Bank of England’s goal of achieving price stability.

The interplay of stronger-than-expected GDP growth and easing inflation suggests a cautiously optimistic outlook for the UK economy.

While challenges persist, such as global economic uncertainties and lingering effects of Brexit, these latest figures indicate a potential turning point, despite the Chancellors autumn and spring ‘budgets’.

The UK government and market participants will be watching closely to see if this positive trend continues into the coming months.

See: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

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Tech stocks propel market rally amid Trump’s tariff pause

Stocks move back up

On Monday 14th April 2025, the stock market experienced a notable mini rally, driven by the tech sector’s resurgence following a weekend announcement of a temporary tariff pause.

President Trump’s decision to exempt smartphones, computers, and other electronics from steep tariffs provided a much-needed reprieve for the industry, sparking optimism among investors.

Major tech companies like Apple, Nvidia, and Amazon saw significant gains, with Apple shares surging by 7.5%. The Nasdaq Composite, heavily weighted with tech stocks, climbed 1.9%, while the S&P 500 rose 1.5%.

This rally marked a stark contrast to the volatility of the previous week, where tariff uncertainties had sent shockwaves through the market.

The tariff pause, although temporary and restricted to 20%, helped to alleviate immediate concerns about rising costs for consumers and businesses.

Importers were spared from choosing between absorbing higher expenses or passing them on to customers. This relief was particularly impactful for companies reliant on Chinese manufacturing, as the exemptions covered a wide range of tech products.

Market analysts noted that the rally was not just a reaction to the tariff news but also a reflection of the tech sector’s resilience.

Despite facing challenges earlier in the year, tech companies have continued to innovate and adapt, maintaining their position as a driving force in the U.S. and world economies.

However, the rally’s sustainability remains uncertain. The administration’s mixed messages about future tariffs have left investors cautious.

While Monday’s gains were encouraging, the broader market continues to grapple with the unpredictability of trade policies.

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Trump takes wrecking ball to global trade – sets stock markets on fire and plays golf – all in one week

Reckless tariffs

Is this a fair ‘take’ on the last weeks tariff turmoil?

President Trump’s tariffs have left a significant mark on global trade and financial markets, creating waves that continue to shape global economic dynamics.

The tariffs, initially aimed at reducing the U.S. trade deficit and protecting domestic industries, triggered a rollercoaster ride for stock markets and strained international relations.

Highs to lows

The Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq Composite, and S&P 500 experienced sharp declines following the announcement of sweeping tariffs. At their lowest points, the Dow fell to 37226, the Nasdaq dropped to 15266, and the S&P 500 sank to 4956.

These figures marked significant losses, with trillions of dollars wiped off the market in just a few days.

The volatility was exacerbated by fears of a global trade war and the uncertainty surrounding the tariffs’ implementation.

Tariff turmoil and 90 day pause

In response to the market turmoil, President Trump announced a 90-day pause on most tariffs, providing temporary relief to investors and businesses. This decision led to a rebound in stock markets, with indices recovering some of their losses.

However, the relief was short-lived, as tensions with China escalated. While tariffs on many trading partners were paused, China’s tariff rate was increased to a staggering 125%.

This move further strained U.S.-China relations and added pressure on industries reliant on Chinese imports.

Tech garners favour

The tech sector, heavily dependent on global supply chains, was among the hardest hit. Tariffs on components like microchips and finished products such as smartphones and computers disrupted production and increased costs.

Companies faced challenges in maintaining profitability and passing on the increased costs to consumers. The eventual reduction and cancellation of some tariffs provided a lifeline to the tech industry, allowing businesses to stabilize operations and reduce prices.

However, the uncertainty surrounding trade policies continued to pose challenges for the sector.

Market turmoil?

Was this the ultimate in market ‘management’ as President Trump posted on his social media platform, Truth Social, that it was a ‘great time to buy’ just hours before announcing the 90-day tariff pause.?

This statement, made at 9:37 am., came shortly before the announcement, which caused stock markets to surge significantly. The timing of his post raised eyebrows and sparked discussions about potential insider trading concerns

China retaliates

China’s response to the tariffs was swift and retaliatory. Beijing imposed its own tariffs on U.S. imports, raising rates to 125%. This retaliation targeted key U.S. industries, including agriculture and technology, further escalating the trade conflict.

The Chinese yuan also hit its lowest level against the dollar since the global financial crisis. These measures highlighted the deepening economic rift between the world’s two largest economies.

The effects of President Trump’s tariffs underscore the complexities of modern trade policies. While intended to protect domestic industries, the tariffs created significant economic disruptions, both domestically and globally.

The stock market volatility, strained international relations, and challenges faced by industries like technology illustrate the far-reaching consequences of such policies.

As the world continues to navigate the aftermath of these tariffs, the importance of balanced and strategic trade policies becomes increasingly evident.

Markets moved up, unsurprisingly, after Trump announced the tech tariff adjustment

Over the weekend, President Trump reportedly made several statements about tariffs on tech products, creating some confusion.

Initially, it was announced that smartphones, computers, and other electronics would be temporarily excluded from the steep tariffs.

However, Trump later clarified that these products were not entirely exempt but had been moved to a different ‘tariff bucket.’ He reportedly stated that they would still face a 20% tariff as part of broader measures targeting Chinese goods.

Trump also hinted at upcoming tariffs on semiconductors and the entire electronics supply chain, emphasising the need for the U.S. to produce more of these components domestically.

President Trump reportedly described this as part of a ‘National Security Tariff Investigation’. These announcements have left tech companies and investors uncertain about the long-term implications for the industry.

Tariffs are like a spider’s web cast over the world with the spider, crawling around collecting from its prey.

Trump’s tariffs continue to ‘infect’ world trade, and they will be here for a while yet.

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The end of globalisation or a fresh start with a new world order?

Global trade

Globalisation is a process that has woven the world together, creating interconnected networks of trade, culture, technology, and governance.

At its core, globalisation refers to the increased interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments across the globe.

This phenomenon has profound economic, political, and cultural implications, shaping the way we live and think.

Historically speaking

Historically, globalisation is not a recent occurrence; it has been evolving for centuries. The roots of globalisation can be traced back to ancient civilizations when trade routes like the Silk Road emerged around 130 BCE during the Han Dynasty of China.

The Silk Road connected Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North Africa, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, religions, and innovations. While it was primarily a trade route, it also marked the first notable instances of cross-cultural interaction on a global scale.

However, the modern wave of globalisation began much later. Many historians point to the Age of Exploration in the late 15th and early 16th centuries as a pivotal moment.

European explorers like Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama sought new trade routes to Asia and the Americas, leading to the establishment of colonial empires.

These explorations were driven by ambitions of trade, wealth, and power, further intertwining economies and cultures.

Adam Smith, the 18th-century economist and philosopher, can also be credited with significantly influencing globalisation through his ideas. His seminal work, The Wealth of Nations (1776), laid the foundation for modern economics and advocated for free-market trade.

His philosophies supported the idea of open international markets, which became a cornerstone of globalisation in later years.

Industrial revolution

Fast forward to the 19th and 20th centuries, the Industrial Revolution and advancements in technology supercharged globalisation.

Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and later airplanes and the internet, reduced distances and enhanced global connectivity.

This period also saw the establishment of international organisations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation, further embedding globalisation into global policies.

Evolution

Today, globalisation continues to evolve. While it has brought unparalleled access to goods, services, and information, it has also sparked debates about its impact on inequality, environmental sustainability, and cultural homogenisation.

As nations and individuals grapple with its implications, globalisation remains a defining characteristic of our interconnected world. Its history is a testament to humanity’s constant quest to connect, collaborate, and innovate.

Tariffs

The introduction of ‘protectionist’ policies and ideals will likely lead back to globalisation in the end. Are Trump’s protectionist tariff ideals about protectionism or more about a drive to level the imbalance of global trade differences? Gobal trade will not end!

The tariffs are more about aiming to settle trade imbalances, at least according to U.S. President Trump.

Trump’s tariffs have had a significant impact on globalisation, challenging its trajectory. By imposing sweeping tariffs on imports, including a baseline 10% on goods from various countries, Trump aimed to reduce the U.S. trade deficit and reshore U.S. manufacturing.

While this approach sought to protect domestic industries, it disrupted global trade networks and raised concerns about inflation and economic instability.

These tariffs marked a shift away from decades of free trade policies that had fostered globalisation. Critics argue that such measures could lead to higher consumer prices and strained international relations.

On the other hand, proponents believe they might encourage self-reliance and industrial growth within the U.S.

The long-term effects on globalisation remain uncertain. While some see this as a step toward de-globalisation, others view it as a recalibration of trade dynamics.

The future will likely depend on how nations adapt to these changes and whether they seek collaboration or confrontation in global trade.

Globalisation is too big for it to simply… stop!

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China to impose 34% retaliatory tariff on all goods imported from the U.S.

Trade war

China has reportedly announced a significant escalation in its trade dispute with the United States, declaring a 34% retaliatory tariff on all U.S. goods.

This move, set to take effect on 10th April 2025 and comes in response to the sweeping tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump’s administration earlier this week.

The Chinese Ministry of Finance reportedly stated that these measures are aimed at safeguarding China’s economic interests and countering what it describes as ‘unilateral bullying’ by the U.S. government.

The tariffs will apply across a wide range of American exports, potentially impacting industries such as agriculture, technology, and manufacturing.

This development has heightened global market uncertainty, with investors bracing for further economic disruptions.

The ongoing tit-for-tat measures between the two economic giants underscore the fragility of international trade relations in the current climate.

Markets dropped on the news!