Tag: UK

Posted on

Bank of England cuts interest rates by 0.25% to 4.25%

BoE

The Bank of England has cut interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.25% on 8th May 2025 marking its fourth reduction since August 2023.

The decision, backed by a majority of the Monetary Policy Committee, reflects easing inflation pressures and a need to support economic growth.

Inflation, currently at 2.6%, is expected to rise temporarily to 3.5% due to household bill increases.

The cut will provide relief to homeowners and businesses facing high borrowing costs.

However, policymakers remain cautious, balancing growth stimulation with inflation control. Markets anticipate further cuts, potentially bringing rates down to 3.25% by year-end.

Posted on

FTSE 100 achieves longest unbroken run since inception in 1984 – how significant is this record?

Longest FTSE 100 consecutive daily gains since 1984

The FTSE 100 has made history, recording 15 consecutive days of gains—its longest winning streak since its inception in 1984.

The index closed at 8,596.35 points, marking a 1.17% rise on the final day of the streak.

This remarkable run comes amid the potential of easing trade tensions between the U.S. and China, with signs that tariff negotiations may commence.

Investors have responded positively, driving up stock prices across multiple sectors. Financial stocks, including Barclays and HSBC, have surged following strong earnings reports, while industrial and mining stocks – such as Rolls-Royce and Rio Tinto – have rebounded.

Despite the impressive streak, analysts caution that uncertainty remains. The FTSE 100 has yet to reclaim its record high from March 2025, and concerns over global trade policies could limit further gains.

However, the index has still outperformed expectations, rising 4.9% over six months and 5.1% over the past year.

FTSE 100 one-month chart

FTSE 100 one-month chart

As investors celebrate this milestone, the question remains: can the FTSE 100 sustain its momentum, or is a market correction on the horizon?

Either way, this winning streak has cemented its place in financial history.

Posted on

EU reduces interest rate to 2.25%

EU reduces interest rate

The European Central Bank (ECB) announced its seventh consecutive interest rate cut on Thursday 17th April 2025, lowering the rate by 0.25% to 2.25%.

This decision aims to counter economic growth concerns fueled by global trade tensions, particularly the impact of tariffs imposed by the United States.

The ECB’s move is expected to make borrowing more affordable, supporting consumer spending and business investment.

Inflation in the eurozone has fallen to 2.2%, close to the ECB’s target, shifting the focus to growth worries.

The eurozone economy grew by a modest 0.2% in the last quarter of 2024, highlighting the need for measures to stimulate activity.

The ECB’s decision reflects the challenges posed by trade uncertainties and the potential impact of tariffs on European industries.

Posted on

UK economy shows welcome signs of resilience with positive GDP growth and inflation relief

Union Jack flag and stocks charts

The UK economy displayed unexpected resilience in February 2025, with GDP growing by 0.5%.

This figure has exceeded market expectations and provided a welcome boost to UK economic confidence. The growth was fueled by robust activity in the services and manufacturing sectors, which helped counterbalance ongoing challenges in other areas.

February’s performance marks a recovery from the flat growth seen in January 2025, underscoring the adaptive capacity of businesses and consumers alike.

Adding to the positive momentum, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation rate eased to 2.6% in March 2025, down from February’s 2.8%.

The decline in inflation reflects a combination of factors, including falling fuel costs and stable food prices, which have alleviated pressure on household budgets.

This marks the lowest inflation level since late 2024 and aligns with the Bank of England’s goal of achieving price stability.

The interplay of stronger-than-expected GDP growth and easing inflation suggests a cautiously optimistic outlook for the UK economy.

While challenges persist, such as global economic uncertainties and lingering effects of Brexit, these latest figures indicate a potential turning point, despite the Chancellors autumn and spring ‘budgets’.

The UK government and market participants will be watching closely to see if this positive trend continues into the coming months.

See: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Posted on

Trump announces 25% tariffs on car imports to U.S. and pledges pharma tariffs to come

Trump's Tariffs

Trump’s tariffs have been a cornerstone of his trade policy, aimed at protecting American industries and reducing trade deficits

These measures include tariffs on steel, aluminum, and a wide range of goods from countries like China, Canada, and the European Union.

While supporters argue that these tariffs have bolstered domestic manufacturing and created jobs, critics highlight the retaliatory tariffs imposed by other nations, which have affected American exporters.

President Donald Trump said he will soon announce tariffs targeting automobiles and pharmaceuticals.

Trump later added the timber and semiconductor industries to his list.

It was unclear whether the newly announced sector-specific tariffs would take effect after the tit-for-tat ‘reciprocal tariffs’ – which are set to take effect on for 2nd April 2025

The president’s latest comments at a Cabinet meeting came hours after he unveiled a plan to place 25% tariffs on all countries that buy oil and gas from Venezuela.

Trump’s tariffs have had widespread economic effects, both domestically and globally

Higher Prices for Consumers

Tariffs increase the cost of imported goods, which often leads to higher prices for consumers. This can reduce purchasing power and affect living standards.

Impact on Businesses

Companies relying on imported materials face higher production costs due to tariffs. Some businesses may pass these costs onto consumers, while others might struggle to remain competitive.

Retaliatory Measures

Countries affected by U.S. tariffs often impose their own tariffs on American goods. This can hurt U.S. exporters and lead to trade wars.

Economic Growth

Studies suggest that tariffs can reduce GDP growth. For example, the U.S. GDP has been estimated to decrease by 0.4% due to these measures.

Employment

While tariffs aim to protect domestic jobs, they can also lead to job losses in industries affected by higher input costs or reduced export opportunities.

Global Trade Dynamics

Tariffs disrupt international trade relationships, leading to uncertainty and reduced investment in affected sectors.

These measures have sparked retaliatory tariffs from other countries, creating a complex web of trade disputes further sowing chaos and unrest.

Markets have reacted negatively to Trumps tariffs.

One thing is certain regarding the imposition of Trump’s tariffs – consumers suffer!

Posted on

UK government borrowing higher than expected in February 2025

UK borrowing up!

In February 2025, UK government borrowing reached £10.7 billion, significantly exceeding the £6.5 billion forecast by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR)

This marks the fourth-highest borrowing figure for February since records began in 1993. The unexpected rise in borrowing has intensified pressure on Chancellor Rachel Reeves ahead of her upcoming Spring Statement.

The increase in borrowing is attributed to higher public sector spending, which totaled £93 billion for the month, driven by social benefits and investment expenditures.

Meanwhile, government receipts, primarily from taxes, rose to £87.7 billion but failed to offset the spending surge.

Over the financial year to date, borrowing has climbed to £132.2 billion, surpassing the OBR’s earlier projection of £127.5 billion for the entire fiscal year.

Economists warn that the higher-than-expected borrowing could challenge the Chancellor’s fiscal rules, which aim to reduce debt as a share of GDP by 2029/30.

With limited options, Reeves faces tough decisions, including potential spending cuts and tax adjustments, to maintain fiscal discipline.

The borrowing figures underscore the delicate balance between managing public finances and addressing economic pressures.

As the Spring Statement approaches, all eyes are on the Chancellor’s strategy to navigate these challenges while maintaining economic stability.

The Chancellor has allowed herself to be backed into a corner.

Posted on

Bank of England holds interest rate at 4.5%

UK interest rate

The Bank of England (BoE) has decided to maintain its base interest rate at 4.5%, following its latest Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting

The Bank of England has warned economic and global trade uncertainty has ‘intensified’ as it held UK interest rates at 4.5%.

This decision, supported by eight out of nine committee members, reflects the Bank’s cautious approach amidst ongoing economic challenges.

The move comes as inflation remains above the Bank’s 2% target, with the UK Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation recorded at 3% in January 2025. Rising energy costs, water bills, and transportation fares have contributed to the persistent inflationary pressures.

Despite these challenges, the UK economy has shown mixed signals, with a slight GDP growth of 0.1% in the final quarter of 2024, followed by a contraction of 0.1% in January 2025.

The BoE’s decision to hold rates steady aims to balance the need to control inflation while supporting economic stability. Governor Andrew Bailey reportedly emphasised the importance of monitoring both global and domestic economic developments closely (that’s useful then – what a good idea).

The MPC’s cautious stance reflects concerns over global trade uncertainties and the potential impact of geopolitical tensions.

While the decision provides some relief to borrowers, it leaves savers and businesses navigating a landscape of economic uncertainty.

Analysts predict that the Bank of England may consider rate cuts later in the year, depending on inflation trends and economic performance.

For now, however, the focus remains on maintaining stability in a forever fast challenging environment.

Posted on

UK economy unexpectedly shrank by 0.1% in January 2025

UK economy shrinks

The UK economy faced an unexpected contraction of 0.1% in January, marking a surprising downturn following a 0.4% growth in December 2024

This decline, reported by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), has raised concerns about the nation’s economic trajectory, particularly as the government prioritizes boosting growth.

The contraction was primarily attributed to a slowdown in manufacturing, alongside weak performances in oil and gas extraction and construction.

The ONS noted that while the economy shrank in January 2025, the broader three-month period still showed modest growth of 0.2%. But never-the-less, it remains one of weak growth.

Interestingly, the services sector provided a glimmer of hope, driven by robust retail activity, especially in food stores, as consumers opted to eat and drink at home more frequently. This sector’s resilience partially offset the declines in other areas.

The timing of this economic dip is particularly significant, as it precedes the Chancellor’s Spring Statement, where even more government spending cuts are expected to be outlined.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves acknowledged the challenges and reportedly commented that the global economic landscape has shifted, and the UK is feeling the repercussions. She reiterated the government’s commitment to accelerating efforts to stimulate growth and reform public services.

However, the unexpected contraction has sparked criticism from opposition parties, who have labeled the government’s policies as ineffective in fostering sustainable economic growth.

The Shadow Chancellor reportedly described the government as a ‘growth killer,’ citing high taxes and restrictive employment legislation as barriers to business confidence and therefore growth.

As the UK navigates these economic headwinds, the focus will remain on the Chancellor’s upcoming measures and their potential to steer the economy back on track.

The January figures serve as a stark reminder of the fragile state of the UK economy and the challenges that lie ahead.

Posted on

Trump and his tariff agenda

Trade tariffs

The United States has intensified its tariff policies, marking a significant shift in global trade dynamics

On 4th March 2025, President Donald Trump announced a sweeping increase in tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, raising them to 25% across the board. This move, aimed at bolstering domestic industries, has sparked widespread reactions both domestically and internationally.

The tariffs, which now include a broader range of products such as nuts, bolts, and soda cans, have drawn sharp criticism from key U.S. allies, including Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

U.S and the EU

The European Union has responded with countermeasures, imposing tariffs on $28 billion worth of American goods, set to take effect on 1st April 2025. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen expressed regret over the U.S. decision but emphasised the need to protect European consumers and businesses.

Domestically, the tariffs have been met with mixed reactions. While U.S. steel and aluminum producers have welcomed the measures, citing potential job creation and increased investment, downstream manufacturers that rely on these metals are bracing for higher costs.

Economists warn that the tariffs could lead to increased prices for consumers and potential disruptions in supply chains. Trump has indicated many times that the tariffs levelled at the U.S. are unfair and unequal.

The Trump administration has justified the tariffs as a means to encourage foreign companies to establish manufacturing facilities in the United States. However, critics argue that the policy could backfire, leading to retaliatory measures from trading partners and a potential slowdown in global economic growth.

As the global trade landscape continues to evolve, the long-term impact of these tariffs remains uncertain. Businesses and policymakers alike are closely monitoring the situation, weighing the potential benefits of protecting domestic industries against the risks of escalating trade tensions.

The coming weeks and months will be crucial in determining the effectiveness of this bold and possibly misguided economic strategy.

U.S. and Canada

The trade relationship between the U.S. and Canada has recently faced significant strain due to escalating tariff policies.

President Donald Trump announced a sharp increase in tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum, raising them from 25% to 50%. This decision was reportedly in response to Ontario’s provincial government imposing higher electricity prices on U.S. customers.

However, after discussions between Ontario Premier Doug Ford and U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, Ontario agreed to pause the electricity surcharge.

As a result, the U.S. decided to maintain the original 25% tariff rate instead of doubling it. Despite this temporary resolution, tensions remain high, with Canada preparing to implement retaliatory tariffs on $30 billion worth of American goods.

These developments highlight the ongoing challenges in U.S. – Canada trade relations, with both nations navigating the complexities of economic and political interests.

U.S. and China

The U.S. – China trade tensions have escalated significantly in recent months. President Donald Trump recently imposed a 20% tariff on all imports from China, reportedly citing concerns over China’s role in the flow of fentanyl into the U.S.

This move has reignited the trade war that began during Trump’s first term.

In response, China has implemented retaliatory measures, including a 15% tariff on U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal, as well as a 10% tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery, and large-engine cars.

Additionally, China has restricted the export of rare earth minerals and metals, which are critical for U.S. tech and green energy industries.

Both nations have expressed a willingness to engage in dialogue, but the situation remains tense. The economic impact of these tariffs is being closely monitored, as they have the potential to disrupt global supply chains and affect industries worldwide.

U.S. and Mexico

The U.S. – Mexico trade conflict has intensified with the U.S. imposing a 25% tariff on Mexican imports, excluding oil and energy products, which face a 10% tariff.

This decision, aimed at addressing trade deficits and border concerns, prompted Mexico to announce retaliatory tariffs targeting $20 billion worth of U.S. goods. Critics argue these measures undermine the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) and could disrupt supply chains.

Both nations are bracing for the economic impact, with businesses and consumers facing potential cost increases. This trade dispute highlights the challenges of balancing domestic priorities while maintaining strong international partnerships in a connected global economy.

And there’s more…

Russia and Ukraine peace deal according to Trump. Taking rare earth and other minerals from Ukraine in a ‘deal’. The potential reshaping of Gaza to become the riviera of the middle east. Talk of taking over Greenland. Making Canada the 51st state. etc. etc.

And this is just what we already know after 8 weeks of Trump in power!

Posted on

Global markets slide into chaos as Trump pushes his ‘America First Agenda’

U.S. tariffs

Global markets have been thrown into turmoil following the announcement of sweeping tariffs by U.S. President Donald Trump

U.S. tariffs, which include a 25% levy on imports from Canada and Mexico and a 10% increase on Chinese goods, have sparked fears of a global trade war. Retaliatory measures from Canada and China have only added to the uncertainty, sending shockwaves through financial markets worldwide.

The FTSE 100, London’s blue-chip index, fell by 1.3%, marking its steepest decline since October last year. Across the Atlantic, Wall Street saw significant losses, with the S&P 500 dropping 1.6% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average falling 1.7%. European markets were not spared, as Germany’s DAX and France’s CAC 40 plunged by 3.5% and 2.1%.

Investors are increasingly concerned about the long-term implications of these tariffs. The measures threaten to disrupt global supply chains, inflate costs, and dampen economic growth. Analysts warn that prolonged trade tensions could push the global economy closer to a recession.

The tariffs have also had a notable impact on currency markets. The U.S. dollar weakened against major currencies, with the pound rising to a six-week high of $1.27. Meanwhile, safe-haven assets like gold saw a surge in demand, with prices climbing above $2,900 per ounce.

Oil markets were not immune to the fallout, as Brent crude futures dropped to a three-month low of $70.65 per barrel. The decline reflects growing concerns over reduced demand amid escalating trade tensions.

As the world braces for further economic uncertainty, the focus now shifts to how global leaders will navigate these turbulent waters.

The stakes are high, and the path forward remains uncertain.

Posted on

Trump’s tariffs tumble markets!

Stocks go red!

Trump’s tariffs have created fresh concern and new volatility in the markets forcing a stock market reversal.

The tariffs, which include a 25% duty on imports from Mexico and Canada, as well as a 10% levy on Chinese goods, have led to significant market volatility.

Investors remain cautious as they assess the long-term implications of these trade restrictions. The tariffs are expected to raise inflation in the U.S. and could potentially lead to a severe market correction.

It’s a complex situation with far-reaching consequences for global trade and the economy.

The S&P 500 retreated on Monday, extending February’s rout and turning red for the year after President Donald Trump’s confirmation of forthcoming tariffs.

The S&P 500 index fell to end at 5849, marking its worst day since December 2024 and bringing its year-to-date performance to a loss of about 0.5%.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 649 points to finish at 43191. The Nasdaq Composite slid to close at 18350, weighed down by Nvidia’s decline of more than 8%.

Stocks took a notable leg down in the afternoon following President Trump’s reiteration that 25% levies on imports from Mexico and Canada would go into effect on Tuesday 5th March 2025, dashing investors’ hopes of a last-minute deal to avert the full tariffs on the two U.S. allies.

All three indexes traded in positive territory earlier in the day, with the Dow rising nearly 200 points at session highs.

China retaliated with reciprocal tariffs of 15% on some U.S. goods due to take effect 10th. March 2025.

Is the world order being dramatically upended?

Posted on

UK Government finances in surplus but…

UK finances

The UK government has announced a significant budget surplus for January 2025, marking a notable achievement in its fiscal management

The surplus, which is the difference between what the government spends and the tax it takes in, amounted to £15.4 billion. This figure represents the highest level for the month of January since records began over three decades ago.

However, despite this impressive surplus, the figure fell short of the Office for Budget Responsibility’s (OBR) forecast of £20.5 billion. The shortfall has increased pressure on Chancellor Rachel Reeves to meet her self-imposed fiscal rules.

The OBR, which monitors the government’s spending plans and performance, will release its latest outlook for the UK economy and public finances on 26 March 2025.

The surplus was driven by a surge in tax receipts, particularly from self-assessed taxes, which are typically higher in January compared to other months. However, the lower-than-expected tax receipts suggest underlying weaknesses in the UK economy.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported that borrowing in the financial year to January 2025 was £118.2 billion, which is £11.6 billion more than at the same point last year.

The government now faces the challenge of balancing its fiscal rules with the need to support economic growth. Weak economic growth and higher borrowing costs have reduced the headroom available to the Chancellor, making it more difficult to meet her fiscal targets.

Economists have suggested that Reeves may need to consider raising taxes or cutting public spending to stay within her fiscal rules.

As the UK economy continues to navigate these challenges, the government’s ability to manage its finances effectively will be crucial in maintaining credibility with financial markets and ensuring long-term economic stability.

The upcoming Spring Forecast will be a critical moment for the UK Chancellor to outline her plans and address the fiscal challenges ahead

Posted on

EEK! Only 0.1% growth for the UK

Tepid UK GDP

The U.K. economy grew by just 0.1% in the fourth quarter according to a preliminary estimate from the U.K.’s Office for National Statistics (ONS) released Thursday 13th February 2025.

Economists had expected the country’s GDP to contract by 0.1% over the period.

The services and construction sectors contributed to the better-than-expected performance in the economy, up 0.2% and 0.5% respectively, but production fell by 0.8%, according to the ONS.

Sluggish growth

The UK economy recorded zero growth in the third quarter, accompanied by lacklustre monthly GDP. There was a 0.1% contraction in October 2024 followed by a 0.1% expansion in November 2024.

On Thursday 13th February 2025, the ONS that growth had picked up in December, with an estimated 0.4% month-on-month expansion attributed to growth in and production.

Sluggish and a recent decline in inflation prompted the Bank of England to implement its interest rate cut of the year last week, reducing the benchmark rate to 4.5%.

The central bank indicated that additional rate cuts are anticipated as inflationary pressures diminish. However, it noted that higher energy costs and regulated price changes are projected to increase headline inflation to 3.7% in the third quarter of 2025.

Pressure

The expectation is that UK underlying inflationary pressures will continue to decline. The Bank of England expects the inflation rate to return to its 2% target by 2027.

The bank also halved the U.K.’s economic growth forecast from 1.5% to 0.75% this year.

Poor economic performance will add additional pressure on U.K. Chancellor Rachel Reeves, whose fiscal plans have been criticised for increasing the tax burden on businesses.

Critics say the plans, which increase the amount that employers pay out in National Insurance (NI) contributions as well as a hike to the national minimum wage, could harm investment, jobs and growth. This appears to be coming to fruition.

Chancellor Reeves defended her ‘dire’ Autumn Budget reportedly saying the £40 billion of tax rises were needed to fund public spending and that she is prioritising economic growth.

A poor start – 0.1% is an anaemic growth percentage!

Posted on

Bank of England cuts interest rate to 4.50% and cuts growth forecast for 2025

BoE

The Bank of England has halved its growth forecast for 2025 as it cut interest rates to 4.50% – the lowest for around 18 months

The economy is now expected to grow by 0.75% in 2025, the Bank of England reportedly said, down from its previous estimate of 1.5%.

Not good news for the chancellor, Rachel Reeves.

Bank of England cuts interest rates to 4.5% amid economic slowdown

The Bank of England announced a reduction in its benchmark interest rate from 4.75% to 4.5%, marking the third cut since August 2024.

This decision comes as a response to the ongoing economic challenges facing the UK, including sluggish growth and concerns about the potential effect of Trump’s tariffs.

The primary reason behind this rate cut is the Bank’s effort to stimulate economic activity by making borrowing cheaper.

With the cost of borrowing now at its lowest level since June 2023, homeowners with variable rate or tracker mortgages will see immediate relief, with monthly repayments expected to decrease by approximately £29 per month on an average mortgage.

Small businesses, which have been struggling under heavy borrowing burdens, are also expected to benefit from this move.

Growth concerns linger

The Bank’s decision follows a series of disappointing economic indicators. The latest GDP figures showed that the economy only grew by 0.1% in November 2024, falling short of economists’ forecasts.

This sluggish growth, coupled with two months of falling output, has led the Bank to revise its growth forecast for 2025 downward.

The Bank now anticipates no growth during the fourth quarter of the year, and some economists are predicting as many as six rate cuts this year, potentially bringing the rate down to 3.25%.

While the rate cut is expected to provide some relief to borrowers, it also raises concerns about the long-term impact on savings and investment. With interest rates at historic lows, savers may find it challenging to earn meaningful returns on their deposits.

Additionally, the low-interest rate environment could encourage excessive borrowing and lead to asset bubbles, posing risks to financial stability. Has inflation finished?

The Bank of England’s decision to cut interest rates to 4.50% is a strategic move aimed at boosting economic activity and providing relief to businesses and homeowners.

Posted on

Recent surprise rise in UK borrowing – deals yet another disappointment for the chancellor

UK borrowing

The latest UK borrowing figures, reveal a significant increase in public sector net borrowing. In December 2024, the UK government borrowed £17.8 billion, which is the highest figure for the month for four years.

This amount was reportedly £10.1 billion higher than the same month last year and exceeded the £14.1 billion forecast by most economists.

The reported rise in borrowing was driven by several factors, including increased spending on public services, benefits, debt interest, and capital transfers. The interest payable on central government debt alone was £8.3 billion, nearly £4 billion higher than the previous year.

Additionally, a reduction in National Insurance contributions following rate cuts earlier in 2024 partially offset the increase in tax receipts.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves faces a challenging fiscal environment, with borrowing costs rising due to lower economic growth, higher public sector wages, and increased benefits payments. The unexpected jump in December 2024’s borrowing highlights the difficulties in balancing the budget and maintaining economic stability. The Chancellor’s budget was one of growth, but employer NI hikes have unravelled her ‘growth’ plan.

Despite the rise in borrowing, government bond prices remained relatively stable, suggesting that traders were not overly concerned by the surge. However, the overall fiscal position remains precarious, with public sector net debt estimated at 97.2% of GDP, the highest level since the early 1960s.

The government has pledged to take a hard line on unnecessary spending and to ensure that every penny of taxpayer money is spent productively.

As the fiscal year progresses, the Chancellor will need to navigate these financial challenges carefully to maintain economic stability and growth.

However, it is anticipated next month, following the January tax income boost, figures will appear favourable for the government, albeit temporarily.

Posted on

UK FTSE 100 back in favour as it breaks new highs!

FTSE 100

The FTSE 100, the UK’s premier stock market index, has recently reached unprecedented new highs, marking a significant milestone in the UK financial world.

On 20th January 2025, the FTSE 100 closed at a record high of 8,548, surpassing the 8,500 barrier for the first time.

This achievement is a testament to the resilience and strength of the UK’s largest companies, even amid global economic uncertainties.

Several factors have contributed to this remarkable performance. Firstly, the anticipation of potential interest rate cuts by the Bank of England has fueled investor optimism. Lower interest rates typically reduce borrowing costs for companies, encouraging investment and expansion, which in turn boosts stock prices.

Additionally, the recent rise in oil prices has significantly benefited major oil companies like BP and Shell, which are key components of the FTSE 100.

FTSE 100 reaching new highs – one month chart as of 22nd January 2025 (08:21)

The banking sector has also played a crucial role in driving the index higher. With full-year earnings reports expected soon strong performance from banks could further propel the FTSE 100.

Furthermore, the index’s composition, which includes a substantial number of companies with global operations, has allowed it to benefit from the weaker pound. A weaker pound makes UK exports more competitive and increases the value of overseas earnings when converted back to sterling.

Market analysts are now speculating whether the FTSE 100 could reach the 9,000 mark in the coming months. While this would represent a significant rise from current levels, it is not entirely out of reach given the current momentum and favorable economic conditions.

However, some caution that the index’s rapid ascent may be followed by periods of volatility, especially as global economic conditions evolve.

In conclusion, the FTSE 100’s recent surge to new highs is a reflection of the robust performance of its constituent companies and the broader economic environment.

As investors continue to navigate the complexities of the global market, the FTSE 100 remains a key barometer of the health and vitality of the UK economy.

Posted on

UK eeks out tepid 0.1% growth

UK growth

The UK economy grew for the first time in three months – but only just.

The tiny growth was driven in part by an increase in trade for pubs, restaurants, and the construction industry.

Official figures showed an expansion of 0.1% after the economy contracted in each of the two months.

The return to growth will be a welcome sign for the government after recent turbulence in financial markets sent borrowing costs to their highest level in several years and caused the value of the pound to fall.

However, the figure was lower than economists had expected, with declines in manufacturing and business rentals and leasing.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves reiterated her pledge to go ‘further and faster’ to improve economic growth in order to boost living standards, declaring it was the ” number one priority” for the government.

‘That means generating investment, driving reform, and a relentless commitment to rooting out waste in public spending,’ she reportedly said. She also repeated her accusation of blame at the Tories for the low growth. The chancellor surely cannot expect to continue escaping accountability with the blame game tactic for much longer.

However, with tax rises set to come into effect in April 2025, businesses have repeatedly warned that the extra costs faced through in National Insurance, as well as the minimum wage, could impact the economy to grow, with employers expecting to have less cash to give pay rises and create new jobs.

In the three months to November, the economy is estimated to have shown no growth, as calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

UK November 2024 0.1% growth

UK November 2024 0.1% growth

Posted on

UK wants to control its own AI direction – suggesting a divergence from the EU and U.S.

UK tech

The UK is charting its own course when it comes to regulating artificial intelligence, signaling a potential divergence from the approaches taken by the United States and the European Union. This move is part of a broader strategy to establish the UK as a global leader in AI technology.

UK AI framework

Britain’s minister for AI and digital government, Feryal Clark, emphasised the importance of the UK developing its own regulatory framework for AI.

She highlighted the government’s strong relationships with AI companies like OpenAI and Google DeepMind, which have voluntarily opened their models for safety testing. Prime Minister Keir Starmer echoed these sentiments, stating that the UK now has the freedom to regulate AI in a way that best suits its national interests following Brexit.

Unlike the EU, which has introduced comprehensive, pan-European legislation aimed at harmonising

AI rules across the bloc, the UK has so far refrained from enacting formal laws to regulate AI.

Instead, it has deferred to individual regulatory bodies to enforce existing rules on businesses developing and using AI. This approach contrasts with the EU’s risk-based regulation and the U.S.’s patchwork of state and local frameworks.

Labour Party Plan

During the Labour Party’s election campaign, there was a commitment to introducing regulations focusing on ‘frontier’ AI models, such as large language models like OpenAI’s GPT. However, the UK government has yet to confirm the details of proposed AI safety legislation, opting instead to consult with the industry before formalising any rules.

The UK’s AI Opportunities Action Plan, endorsed by tech entrepreneur Matt Clifford, outlines a comprehensive strategy to harness AI for economic growth.

The plan includes recommendations for scaling up AI capabilities, establishing AI growth zones, and creating a National Data Library to support AI research and innovation. The government has committed to implementing these recommendations, aiming to build a robust AI infrastructure and foster a pro-innovation regulatory environment.

Despite the ambitious plans, some industry leaders have expressed concerns about the lack of clear rules. Sachin Dev Duggal, CEO of AI startup Builder.ai, reportedly warned that proceeding without clear regulations could be ‘borderline reckless’.

He reportedly highlighted the need for the UK to leverage its data to build sovereign AI capabilities and create British success stories.

The UK’s decision to ‘do its own thing’ on AI regulation reflects its desire to tailor its approach to national interests and foster innovation.

While this strategy offers flexibility, it also presents challenges in terms of providing clear guidance and ensuring regulatory certainty for businesses. As the UK continues to develop its AI regulatory framework, it will be crucial to balance innovation with safety and public trust

Posted on

Has ‘Rachel from accounts’ messed up the UK economy?

UK budget

The pound has continued to fall after UK government borrowing costs rose and concerns grew about public finances

Sterling dropped as UK 10-year borrowing costs surged to their highest level since the 2008 financial crisis when bank borrowing virtually ground to a halt.

Economists have warned the rising costs could lead to further tax rises or cuts to spending plans as the government tries to meet its self-imposed borrowing target.

The UK government creates its own financial crisis as it messes up its ‘go for growth’ policy

The UK economy is currently grappling with a series of financial challenges that have led to a significant fall in the value of the pound, soaring treasury yields, and high borrowing costs.

These developments have been largely influenced by the recent budget announced by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, which has sparked concerns among investors and economists alike.

Downward trajectory

The pound has been on a downward trajectory, recently hitting its lowest level since November 2023. Traders are betting on further declines, with some predicting the pound could fall as low as $1.12

This decline is partly due to the rising cost of government borrowing, which has surged to levels not seen since the 2008 financial crisis. The yield on 10-year gilts has climbed to 4.8%, while the yield on 30-year gilts has reached 5.34%, the highest in 27 years.

Recent UK budget

The recent budget has played a crucial role in these developments. Announced in October 2024, the budget included significant tax hikes and increased spending, leading to a substantial rise in government borrowing.

The budget deficit is expected to reach 4.5% of GDP this fiscal year, pushing the overall government debt close to 100% of GDP. This increase in borrowing has led to a higher supply of government debt, which in turn has driven down the price of bonds and pushed up yields.

Higher yields

Higher yields mean that the government has to pay more to borrow money, which has significant implications for its fiscal policy. The rising cost of servicing government debt could force the government to either raise taxes further or cut spending to meet its fiscal rules.

This situation is reminiscent of the market turmoil following Liz Truss’s mini budget in 2022, which also led to a sharp rise in borrowing costs and a fall in the value of the pound.

The impact of these developments extends beyond the government. Higher borrowing costs are likely to affect households and businesses as well.

Economic growth at risk

Mortgage rates, which are influenced by government bond yields, are expected to remain high, putting additional pressure on homeowners. Businesses, on the other hand, may face higher costs of borrowing, which could lead to reduced investment and slower economic growth.

The UK is facing a challenging economic environment characterized by a falling pound, high treasury yields, and rising borrowing costs.

The recent budget has exacerbated these issues, leading to increased government borrowing and higher debt levels. As the government navigates these challenges, it will need to carefully balance its fiscal policies to avoid further economic instability and ensure sustainable growth and not more ‘unfunded’ debt.

Posted on

How is AI regulation likely to affect stock markets in 2025?

AI regulation

As we head into 2025, the landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) regulation is poised to undergo significant changes, and these shifts are likely to have a profound impact on the stock markets.

The introduction of new regulations, particularly in regions like the European Union and the United States, will create both challenges and opportunities for investors.

One of the most anticipated regulatory developments is the European Union’s AI Act, which aims to set a global standard for AI regulation. This act is expected to impose stringent requirements on AI systems, particularly those used in high-risk sectors such as healthcare, finance, and law enforcement.

Companies operating in these sectors will need to invest heavily in compliance, which could lead to increased operational costs and potentially affect their profitability. As a result, stocks of companies heavily reliant on AI technologies may experience volatility as investors react to these new regulations.

In the United States, the political landscape is also shifting, with the incoming administration expected to take a more hands-on approach to AI regulation. President-elect Donald Trump has appointed Elon Musk to co-lead a new ‘Department of Government Efficiency – DOGE‘, which will focus on nascent technologies like AI. Musk’s influence and experience in the AI field could lead to more favourable policies for AI development, but it could also result in increased scrutiny and regulation of AI applications. Musk’s AI vision differs to that of Mark Zuckerberg’s for instance.

This dual approach of promoting innovation while ensuring safety and ethical use of AI could create a dynamic and unpredictable market environment.

The impact of AI regulation on the stock markets will not be uniform across all sectors. While companies in high-risk sectors may face challenges, those in industries like healthcare and finance could benefit from AI’s transformative potential.

For example, AI-driven innovations in healthcare, such as predictive diagnostics and personalised treatment plans, have the potential to revolutionize patient care and reduce costs. Companies that successfully integrate AI into their operations and comply with regulatory requirements could see their stock prices rise as investors recognize the long-term value of these advancements.

However, the regulatory landscape is not without its risks. Companies that fail to adapt to new regulations or face compliance issues may see their stock prices suffer. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological change means that regulations may struggle to keep up, leading to potential legal and financial uncertainties for companies operating in the AI arena.

AI regulation in 2025 is likely to create a complex and dynamic environment for the stock markets. While new regulations will pose challenges for some companies, they will also open up opportunities for those that can navigate the regulatory landscape successfully.

Investors will need to stay informed and agile, as the impact of AI regulation on the stock markets will be both significant and multifaceted.

Posted on

UK economy had zero growth between July and September 2024 – bad to worse

UK economic data

Revised official figures indicate that the UK economy was weaker than initially estimated between July and September 2024. The economy experienced zero growth in these three months, down from an earlier estimate of 0.1%.

UK Chancellor, Rachel Reeves reportedly stated that the challenge to fix the economy “after 15 years of neglect is huge,” and October’s Budget would “deliver sustainable long-term growth, putting more money in people’s pockets.”

However, one of the UK’s leading business groups, the CBI, said its latest company survey suggested “the economy is headed for the worst of all worlds.”

The downward revisions will be a setback for Labour, which has prioritised boosting economic growth. It has promised to deliver the highest sustained economic growth in the G7 group of wealthy nations.

Separate figures released last week showed that inflation, the rate at which prices increase over time, is rising again at its fastest pace since March 2024. But it is close to the Bank of England target of 2%

The Bank of England voted to hold interest rates at the last meeting, stating that it believed the UK economy had performed worse than expected, with no growth between October and December 2024.

Businesses have warned that measures announced in October’s Budget, including a rise in employer national insurance and a higher minimum wage, could force them to raise prices and reduce the number new jobs.

Posted on

UK inflation rate rises to 2.6% to hit highest level since March 2024

The UK inflation rate has gone up for the second month in a row, rising at the fastest pace since March 2024. The UK inflation rate rose to 2.6% in the year to November 2024, according to official figures.

However, the rise was predicted by economists and was apparently within the range of the expected increase anticipated.

Fuel and clothing were significant contributors to the increase. Additionally, rising ticket prices for concerts and theatrical performances played a role according to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

The Bank of England raises interest rates to maintain inflation at its target of %. The next rate decision is on Thursday 19th December 2024 and economists anticipate that rates will remain at 4.75%.

Prices for food and non-alcoholic drinks, alcohol and tobacco, and footwear all rose at a faster pace last month.

A wider measure of inflation showed housing and household services costs, including rent, rose by 3.5%.

UK inflation 2016 – 2024

UK inflation 2016 – 2024
Posted on

UK economy shrinks unexpectedly for second month in a row contracting 0.1% in October 2024

The U.K. economy contracted unexpectedly in October 2024, according to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell by an estimated 0.1% on a monthly basis, the ONS said Friday 13th December 2024, attributing the downturn to a decline in production output. 

It marked the second consecutive economic downturn, following a 0.1% GDP decline in September 2024. Sterling declined on the back of these disappointing figures, trading 0.3% lower against the U.S. dollar in early trade.

However, ‘real’ GDP is estimated to have grown 0.1% in the three months to October 2024, the ONS said, compared to the previous three months ending in July 2024.

In a statement on Friday 13th December 2024, U.K. Finance Minister Rachel Reeves reportedly conceded that the October figures were ‘disappointing,’ but defended the government’s economic strategies. I expect the chancellor would have been quick to own the success had the GDP improved – especially after the ‘for growth’ budget.

The economy has grown just once over the past five months and is 0.1% lower than before Labour won the election. That may suggest it’s not just the Budget that is holding the economy back. Instead, the drag from higher interest rates may be lasting longer than was calculated.

Either way, be it budget or inflation pressure – the UK economy isn’t growing.

UK GDP January 2022 – October 2024

Note: preliminary ONS figures may be revised in future assessments

Posted on

UK business confidence falls to lowest level in almost two years after Labour budget

In November 2024, business confidence in the U.K. dropped to its lowest point since January 2023, as reported by BDO, a business advisory and accountancy firm.

Concurrently, KPMG noted that UK job vacancies decreased at the quickest pace since the pandemic began. This downturn coincides with warnings from businesses that the Labour Party’s ‘pro-growth’ budget could exacerbate inflation and decelerate hiring.

Tax increases do not fit well with a ‘pro-growth’ agenda. Also, GDP predictions made by the UK chancellor for 2025 through 2027 are lame.

The Labour budget has notably affected U.K. business confidence for a variety of critical reasons:

  • Tax Increases: The budget introduced a substantial hike in National Insurance contributions for employers, raising the rate to 15% on salaries above £5,000. This increase has led to concerns about higher operational costs, which many businesses fear will result in job cuts and reduced investment.
  • Minimum Wage Hike: The budget also included an inflation-busting increase in the minimum wage. While this aims to improve living standards, it has added financial pressure on businesses, particularly those in sectors with tight margins like retail and hospitality.
  • Economic Uncertainty: The combination of these measures has created a sense of economic uncertainty. Businesses are worried about their ability to absorb these additional costs, leading to a decline in overall optimism.
  • Investment Concerns: The increased costs have forced many businesses to reconsider their investment plans. Some have already announced cuts to expansion projects and other growth initiatives.
  • Next Increase: in public workers pay looms nigh.

These factors have collectively contributed to a significant drop in business confidence, with many firms bracing for a challenging economic environment ahead

Posted on

60 British inventions for the world

UK inventions

The United Kingdom has given the world an impressive array of groundbreaking inventions that have transformed various aspects of modern life

From Isaac Newton’s reflecting telescope in 1668 to Frank Whittle’s jet engine in 1937 and Tim Berners-Lee’s creation of the World Wide Web in 1989.

British inventors have continually pushed the boundaries of science and technology. The development of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revolutionised medicine, while Michael Faraday’s work on the electric motor and electromagnetic induction laid the foundation for modern electrical engineering.

Innovations like the steam engine, the world’s first underground railway, stainless steel, and the hovercraft have significantly advanced transportation and industry.

Contributions such as the structure of DNA by Francis Crick and James Watson, the MRI scanner by Sir Peter Mansfield, and the vaccination by Edward Jenner have had profound impacts on health and science.

These inventions reflect the ingenuity and creativity that have positioned the UK as a leader in innovation and progress.

Top 60 list of British inventions – in no particular order

The Reflecting Telescope (Isaac Newton, 1668)

The Seed Drill (Jethro Tull, 1701)

The Steam Engine (Thomas Savery, 1698; improved by James Watt, 1765)

The World’s First Underground Railway (The Tube) (1863)

Penicillin (Alexander Fleming, 1928)

The Jet Engine (Frank Whittle, 1937)

The Electric Light Bulb (Joseph Swan, 1879)

The World Wide Web (Tim Berners-Lee, 1989)

Stainless Steel (Harry Brearley, 1913)

The Electric Motor (Michael Faraday, 1821)

The First Programmable Computer (Charles Babbage, 1837)

The Thermos Flask (Sir James Dewar, 1892)

Television (John Logie Baird, 1925)

Vaccination (Edward Jenner, 1796)

The Steam Locomotive – (George Stephenson, 1814)

The Lawnmower (Edwin Budding, 1830)

The Hovercraft (Christopher Cockerell, 1955)

The Safety Bicycle (John Kemp Starley, 1885)

The Cat’s Eye Road Reflector (Percy Shaw, 1934)

The Structure of DNA (Francis Crick and James Watson, 1953)

Concorde (British and French collaboration, 1969)

The Fax Machine (Alexander Bain, 1843)

The Electric Transformer (Michael Faraday, 1831)

Electromagnetic Induction (Michael Faraday, 1831)

Radar (Sir Robert Watson-Watt, 1935)

The Spinning Frame (Richard Arkwright, 1769)

The MRI Scanner (Sir Peter Mansfield, 1971)

The ATM (John Shepherd-Barron, 1967)

The Marine Chronometer (John Harrison, 1761)

The Tin Can (Peter Durand, 1810)

The Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell (Sir William Grove, 1839)

The Floating Breakwater (Sir Samuel Bentham, 1804)

The Sinclair ZX80 (First Affordable Home Computer) (Sir Clive Sinclair, 1980)

The Universal Joint (Robert Hooke, 1667)

The Submarine Periscope (Sir Howard Grubb, 1914)

The Identity Card System (Sir Edward Henry, 1916)

The Collapsible Baby Carriage (Owen Maclaren, 1965)

Thermal Insulation (Lord Kelvin, 1894)

The Jet Engine (Sir Frank Whittle) – successfully tested in 1941

The Jet Engine Afterburner (Sir Frank Whittle, 1946)

Carbon Fibre (Sir Harold Kroto, 1961)

The Modern Ship Propeller (Francis Pettit Smith, 1836)

Automatic Windshield Wipers (Gladstone Adams, 1921)

The Computer From early mechanical computers to modern electronic computers by Charles Babbage, ADA Lovelace (1842) to modern electronic computers – Sir Clive Sinclair

The Fire Extinguisher (George William Manby, 1818)

The Postage Stamp (Rowland Hill, 1840)

The Flushable Toilet – Sir John Harrington (1596) – (Thomas Crapper, 1861)

Torpedo (Robert Whitehead, 1866)

The Triple Expansion Steam Engine (Arthur Woolf, 1804)

The Bicycle – Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1842)

IVF – Robert Edwards, Patrick Steptoe & Jean Purdy

The Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell (1876)

The Cat’s Eye – Percy Shaw (1934)

Pneumatic Tyre – Robert William Thompson (1847)

The Refrigerator – William Cullen (1755)

The Steam Engine – Thomas Newcomen (1712)

Cement – Joseph Aspdin (1842)

The Thermos Flask – Sir James Dewar (1892)

The Cat Flap – Sir Isaac Newton

The above are just a few examples of British ingenuity and creative inventive ability.

The UK is renowned for its inventiveness and continues to have a wealth of contributions to offer the world

Posted on

UK inflation unexpectedly rises to 2.3% in October 2024

UK shoppers

The inflation rate, which measures price changes, hit 2.3% in the year to October 2024, a bigger-than-expected increase from 1.7% in September 2024.

The increase was in part due to an increase in the regulator-set energy price cap that took effect in October 2024, which is expected to increase energy price inflation through the winter.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS), said while higher energy costs had contributed, this increase was offset by falls in live music and theatre ticket prices.

October 2024 UK inflation

October 2024 UK inflation