Category: Observation

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Berkshire Hathaway sold nearly half its stake in Apple

Sell stocks

Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway significantly reduced its Apple stake last quarter, a surprising decision from the investor known for his long-term focus.

The conglomerate, headquartered in Omaha, reported in its earnings filing that its investment in the tech giant was worth $84.2 billion at the end of the Q2, indicating it sold just over 49% of its Apple shares. Despite the sale, Apple remains Berkshire’s largest equity holding by a wide margin.

It was widely reported that the sale is part of a larger trend of asset liquidation by Buffett during the second quarter, with Berkshire Hathaway divesting over $75 billion in stocks, thereby increasing its cash reserves to a staggering $277 billion.

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Microsoft says OpenAI is now a competitor search and AI

AI competition

Microsoft’s list of competitors, which is updated regularly, now features OpenAI, previously a long-term strategic ally.

This development follows OpenAI’s announcement of a search engine prototype.

As OpenAI’s exclusive cloud provider, Microsoft leverages OpenAI’s AI models for products aimed at commercial clients and consumers. Microsoft, OpenAI’s largest investor, has reportedly invested some $13 billion in the firm.

Microsoft’s filing lists OpenAI, the entity behind the ChatGPT chatbot, as a competitor in AI solutions, as well as in the realms of search and news advertising. OpenAI recently unveiled a search engine prototype named SearchGPT.

However, recent developments suggest a shift, with both companies encroaching on each other’s domains.

While some opt to directly pay OpenAI for model access, others utilise Microsoft’s Azure OpenAI Service. Additionally, Microsoft offers the Copilot chatbot as an alternative to ChatGPT, accessible via the Bing search engine and Windows operating systems.

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Bank of England cuts rate to 5.0% – the first since the Covid pandemic of March 2020 and from the highest rate for 16 years

Bank of England

The Bank of England (BoE) on Thursday 1st August 2024 announced its first-interest rate reduction in more than four years, taking the key rate to 5%.

Although numerous analysts predicted that the Bank of England might announce a reduction in interest rates at its August 2024 meeting, the absence of definitive signals from the central bank left the decision clouded in uncertainty.

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) ultimately cast a 5-4 vote in favour of the reduction, with Governor Andrew Bailey stating that the committee would proceed with caution.

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Rolls-Royce shares surge to all-time high as dividend is reinstated

Rolls-Royce

Rolls-Royce shares surged over 11% to reach a record high on Thursday 1st August 2024 following the reinstatement of its dividend and an increase in its profit outlook, buoyed by robust first-half results

The British aerospace and defence giant announced an underlying profit of £1.1 billion for the first half of the year and projected this to grow to between £2.1 billion and £2.3 billion for the full year of 2024.

This projection surpasses the previous forecast of £1.7 billion to £2.0 billion made in its full-year results for 2023 and exceeds market expectations.

Rolls-Royce one-year share price as of: 1st August 2024 (12pm)

Rolls-Royce one year share price as of: 1st August 2024 (12pm)
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Apple’s iPhone crown slips again in China

Mobile

Apple has been ousted from the top five smartphone vendors in China during Q2, as local brands like Huawei continue to escalate competition

Apple is no longer among the top five smartphone vendors in China as local brands take over the market.

Apple’s market share in China has declined, falling to 14% in the second quarter from 15% in the first quarter and 16% 2023.

For the first time in history, domestic vendors have taken over all top five positions in China.

According to reports, incorporating Apple’s Intelligence systems in its products in mainland China will be crucial over the next 12 months, as Chinese brands are rapidly integrating generative AI into their designs.

This is not good news for Apple. The company is facing challenges, notably lagging behind in the AI innovation race, and compounded by a rapidly falling share of the mobile market in China.

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OpenAI announces a search engine called SearchGPT

A new powerful search engine

OpenAI on Thursday 25th July 2024 announced a prototype of its search engine, called SearchGPT, which aims to give users “fast and timely answers with clear and relevant sources.”

The company has announced plans to eventually incorporate the tool, presently in testing with a select user group, into its ChatGPT chatbot.

The introduction of ChatGPT could have significant implications for Google’s search engine dominance. Since ChatGPT’s debut in November 2022, there has been growing concern among Alphabet’s investors that OpenAI may capture a portion of Google’s market share by offering consumers innovative methods to obtain information on the internet.

Alphabet three month share price as of 25th July 2024

Alphabet three month share price as of 25th July 2024

OpenAI’s ChatGPT was incorporated into Microsoft’s search engine Bing as Copilot and the companies have kept market dominance with this shrewd AI move. Google, on the other hand, has struggled to keep up in the AI race and may now be suffering the effects.

This announcement could have implications for Microsoft’s Copilot as well.

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Ether ETFs launched in the U.S. on 23rd July 2024 with BlackRock, Grayscale and others

Ethereum ETF in U.S.

Bitcoin is often likened to a type of digital gold, but Ether is seen more as a native cryptocurrency on the Ethereum blockchain.

It is generally seen as a trade or bet on the growth and of the development of the blockchain and of crypto more widely.

Many of the funds set to launch this week have temporarily waived fees in an attempt to attract buyers.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has historically been wary of cryptocurrencies. However, the regulator was defeated in a legal battle last year concerning Bitcoin ETFs, which aided their launch in January 2024.

Given that both Bitcoin and Ether have regulated futures markets, the introduction of ether ETFs was viewed as the industry’s subsequent rational progression.

Bitcoin ETFs have attracted about $17 billion in net inflows since their launch in January 2024.

What is An Ethereum ETF?

An Ethereum ETF, or Ether ETF, is an exchange-traded fund that tracks the price of ether (ETH), the cryptocurrency with the second-highest market capitalization following Bitcoin. Unlike purchasing Ethereum on a cryptocurrency exchange, an Ethereum ETF is bought and sold on traditional stock exchanges.

How an Ethereum ETF works

An Ethereum ETF contains futures contracts linked to Ethereum’s price movements. These contracts enable investors to speculate on Ethereum’s future price without the need to own the cryptocurrency directly.

Investing in an Ethereum ETF offers exposure to Ethereum’s price volatility while eliminating the need to handle wallets or navigate the intricacies of cryptocurrency exchanges. Such ETFs offer traditional investors a practical avenue to engage with the cryptocurrency market, leveraging the conventional environment of stock exchanges.

Ethereum one year price chart as at: 16:10 BST 23rd July 2024 from CoinMarketCAP

Ethereum one year price chart as at: 16:10 BST 23rd July 2024 from CoinMarketCAP
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Elon Musk suggests Tesla will use humanoid robots in 2025

A humanoid robot image

Tesla boss Elon Musk says the electric car maker will start producing and using humanoid robots from next year.

In a social media update, Elon Musk stated that Tesla will initially employ the robots, with plans to commence production for sale by 2026.

He had earlier anticipated that the robot, named Optimus, would be operational in Tesla factories by this year’s end. Additionally, companies such as Honda Rototics and Boston Dynamics are also advancing their humanoid robot technologies.

“Tesla will have genuinely useful humanoid robots in low production for Tesla internal use next year and, hopefully, high production for other companies in 2026,” Mr Musk posted on his social media platform X.

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Wiz dumps $23 billion deal with Google -reportedly to pursue IPO

Online security

Wiz has apparently walked away from a deal with Google that would have valued the company at $23 billion.

The deal would have nearly doubled the $12 billion valuation of the startup from its most recent round of funding.

CEO of WIZ Assaf Rappaport told employees the company would pursue an IPO as originally planned.

Wiz was founded in 2020 and has grown rapidly. The company had been targeting an IPO as recently as May 2024. The business hit $100 million in annual recurring revenue after 18 months and reached $350 million last year.

Wiz’s cloud security products offer prevention, active detection and response, a portfolio that’s appealed to large firms and would have helped Google compete with Microsoft, which also sells security software.

One to watch for a potential future IPO.

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UK national debt as a percentage of GDP is now 99.5%

UK Debt to GDP percentage

Highest ratio since the 1960’s and even higher than that reached during the Covid pandemic of 2020.

The UK’s national debt has reached its highest level since 1962.

Official figures from the ONS show that the total government debt amounted to 99.5% of the economy’s value in June 2024, surpassing the peak levels experienced during the coronavirus pandemic.

The current debt level is comparable to that last observed in the early 1960’s.

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Worst day for Nasdaq since 2022 as investors continue to rotate out of tech. S&P 500 slides – Dow gains

Nasdaq pull-back

On Wednesday 17th July 2024, the Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500 pulled-back as investors continued to shift from tech stocks to more interest rate-sensitive sectors.

The S&P 500 dropped 1.39%, closing at 5588. The tech-geared Nasdaq tumbled 2.77%, finishing at 17996, marking its worst session since December 2022 and ending below 18000 for the first time since 1st July 2024.

Conversely, the Dow Jones Industrial Average resisted the downward trend, gaining around 243 points, or to close at 41198. This advance led the index to close above the 41000 milestone.

Nasdaq Composite 17th July 2024 – one day chart

S&P 500 17th July 2024 – one day chart

Dow Jones 17th July 2024 – one day chart

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Gold gains again to hit new record high!

Gold price

Gold prices climbed to $2,482 per ounce, hitting an all-time high. 

Gold prices continued to peak at new record highs Tuesday and Wednesday 15th and 16th July 2024.

On Monday 15th July 2024, Powell reportedly said the Fed won’t wait for inflation to reach the central bank’s 2% target before it begins cutting, due to the ‘lag’ in policy effects. He reportedly said the Fed is looking for ‘greater confidence’ that inflation will return to the 2% level. The monthly inflation rate dipped in June 2024 – the first time in over four years.

The price increase has been aided by encouraging comments from the Federal Reserve that it will now more likely cut interest rates in September 2024 following comments from Fed Chair Jerome Powell.

And that has given market investors and traders more confidence. According to the CME FedWatch tool, traders are convinced the FOMC will cut rates by September 2024.

As interest rates fall, gold usually becomes more appealing compared to fixed-income assets such as bonds and general savings accounts.

One year gold chart to 17th July 2024 (am)

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What the Fed said

Federal Reserve

Jerome Powell appears to be further paving the way for a rate cut at the next meeting in July 2024.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell reportedly said Monday 15th July 2024 that the central bank will not wait until inflation hits 2% to cut interest rates.

Powell referenced the idea that central bank policy works with ‘long and variable lags’ to explain why the Fed wouldn’t wait for its target to be hit.

‘The implication of that is that if you wait until inflation gets all the way down to 2%, you’ve probably waited too long, because the tightening that you’re doing, or the level of tightness that you have, is still having effects which will probably drive inflation below 2%,’ Powell reportedly said.

Instead, the Fed is looking for ‘greater confidence’ that inflation will return to the 2% level, Powell remarked.

‘What increases that confidence in that is more good inflation data, and lately here we have been getting some of that,’ he reportedly said.

Powell also said he thinks a ‘hard landing’ for the U.S. economy was not ‘a likely scenario.’

It looks like it is time for that rate cut, he didn’t say that!

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Which governments hold the most Bitcoin?

Bitcoin cartoon

U.S., UK and Germany hold more Bitcoin than you may think.

According to the Arkham website, the United States’ government holds some 212,847 BTC making it one of the biggest holders of Bitcoin, while the treasuries of the U.K. and Germany reportedly hold around 61,245 BTC and 49,858 BTC each. (These values alter daily).

In addition to Bitcoin, the U.S. government also holds around $200 million in other cryptocurrencies like Ether (ETH), as well as major stablecoins like USDC.

U.S. Bitcoin holding by current value according to Arkham

Data from Arkham (as of 12th July 2024)

Arkham, a crypto intelligence platform focused on deanonymizing entities on the blockchain network, has introduced a dashboard featuring the governments with the largest crypto holdings.

The U.K. government, reportedly ranked second, holds around $3.5 billion worth of Bitcoin at current valuations, according to Arkham’s data. The German government owns roughly $2.5 billion.

UK Bitcoin holding by current value according to Arkham

Data from Arkham (as of 12th July 2024)

Other world governments holding Bitcoin

China, Russia, Ukraine, El Salvador, Finland, Bhutan and many others.

In 2021, El Salvador became the first country to make Bitcoin legal tender and mandated all local businesses to accept payments in BTC. 

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UN report suggests the world population to peak at 10.3 billion in 2028 – then decline

World population

According to the organization’s biennial World Population Prospects report, the global population is projected to grow from 8.2 billion in 2024 to peak at around 10.3 billion in the mid-2080’s.

It is then expected to gradually decline to 10.2 billion by 2100, which is 6% lower than anticipated a decade ago.

The UN in 2022 had reportedly estimated the world population would peak at 10.4 billion by the 2080’s. 

Front page of the UN World Population Report

See full report here.

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Japan, India and U.S. stock markets continue to hit new record highs!

Record highs

Asia-Pacific markets witnessed highs on Tuesday 8th July 2024, mirroring the gains on Wall Street where the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite ended at record highs. India’s Nifty 50 index also hit an all-time high of 24401.2

Investors are anticipating the forthcoming U.S. consumer price index release to discern the Federal Reserve’s direction on interest rates.

Pundits

Pundits have moved this year from four 0.25% rate reductions to one and now maybe to two with the first in September 2024. The Fed trickles decisions out from its fickle stance and each time the markets move in anticipation like a lap dog eagerly awaiting a pat. It almost doesn’t matter what the Fed does – markets want to go up. However, a rate reduction and good economic and earnings news will drive the markets even higher, for a while.

Fickle Fed

Markets are currently anticipating earnings reports. The Federal Reserve, having considered the latest economic reports, has influenced the markets with a mix of indifferent decisions. AI and technology have significantly shifted the stock market landscape, with the potential for further growth – provided that earnings sustain the pace of AI investments and expenses.

Both the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite achieved record highs again overnight, alongside Japan’s Nikkei and Topix reaching new highs too.

The Nikkei 225 climbed to settle at 41580.17 after hitting a new high of 41769.35. The Topix also gained, closing at 2895.55, having touched a peak of 2907.21.

Nikkei

Topix

S&P 500

Nasdaq Composite

Nifty 50

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Is the world shackled to debt?

World Debt

The world is in debt to the tune of $315 trillion, and counting.

$315,000,000,000,000

$315 trillion or $315,000,000,000,000 is a daunting number, it’s massive. In 2024, the global GDP reached just $109.5 trillion, just over a third of the global debt figure.

Perspective

To provide some perspective, with the world population at roughly 8.1 billion, if the debt were distributed evenly, each person would shoulder about $39,000 in debt.

As global debt reaches unprecedented levels, concerns naturally arise about its implications and origins.

Global debt

Global debt includes borrowings by households, businesses, and governments.

Household debt

Household debt, which many are familiar with, comprises mortgages, credit cards, and student loans. At the beginning of 2024, it stood at $59.1 trillion.

Corporate debt

Corporate debt, utilized by businesses for operations and growth, reached $164.5 trillion, with the financial sector contributing $70.4 trillion.

Government debt

Government debt, on the other hand, finances public services and projects without raising taxes. It can be obtained from other nations or institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, or through bond sales, which are essentially promises to pay with interest from the state to investors.

Public debt

Public debt was reported to be $91.4 trillion. While often perceived negatively, debt can be advantageous, supporting individuals in education and homeownership, aiding business expansion, and providing governments with means for economic development, social expenditures, or crisis management.

History

Historical evidence shows that public debt has been around for at least 2000 years, mainly for establishing settlements and financing wars, with governments accruing significant debts from conflicts such as the Napoleonic Wars.

Debt engulfs us all and is here to stay, but at what cost to society?

And who do we owe?

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Europe wants to place data centres in space and Microsoft wants to place them under the sea

Space data centre

Data centres are expected to consume over 3% of Europe’s electricity demand by 2030

The surge in artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly increased the demand for data centres, essential for the ‘exploding’ tech sector. This necessity has led Europe to consider spatial alternatives for digital storage, aiming to diminish reliance on energy-intensive ground facilities.

The Advanced Space Cloud for European Net zero emission and Data sovereignty (ASCEND), a 16-month study investigating the viability of deploying data centres in orbit, has reportedly reached a ‘very encouraging‘ conclusion, according to the report.

The ASCEND study, coordinated by Thales Alenia Space for the European Commission and valued at 2 million euros ($2.1 million), asserts the technical, economic, and environmental viability of space-based data centres.

“The idea [is] to take off part of the energy demand for data centres and to send them in space in order to benefit from infinite energy, which is solar energy,” according to a spokesperson for ASCEND.

Data centres are crucial for advancing digitalization; however, they demand substantial electricity and water to operate and cool their servers. The total global electricity consumption from data centres could reach more than 1,000 terrawatt-hours in 2026 – that’s roughly equivalent to the electricity consumption of Japan, as reported by the International Energy Agency.

The ASCEND study is not alone in exploring the potential of orbital data centres. Microsoft, which has already trialed the use of a subsea data centre – positioned 117 feet deep on the seafloor, is collaborating with companies such as Loft Orbital to explore the challenges in executing AI and computing in space.

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S&P 500 and Nasdaq hit record highs again as job data raises chance of a Fed interest rate cut

U.S. market record highs

Markets respond positively to job data as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq break record highs, again!

S&P 500 record high

S&P 500 record high Friday 5th July 2024

Nasdaq Composite record high

Nasdaq Composite record high

Nasdaq 100 record high

Nasdaq 100 record high

U.S. non-farm payrolls increase

The U.S. economy added slightly more jobs than expected in June 2024 though the unemployment rate increased, the U.S. Labor Department reported Friday.

Non-farm payrolls increased by 206,000 for the month, better than the 200,000 Dow Jones forecast though less than the downwardly revised gain of 218,000 in May, which was cut sharply from the initial estimate of 272,000.

The unemployment rate unexpectedly rose to 4.1%, matching the peak since October 2021, presenting a conundrum for Federal Reserve officials as they consider their next steps in monetary policy. Projections had indicated that the unemployment rate would remain stable at 4%.

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Bitcoin in a spin as it drops below $55000

Bitcoin in a downward spiral

More than $170 billion has been erased from the cryptocurrency market due to concerns over the Mt. Gox bitcoin payout.

Bitcoin’s price plummeted over 6% in 24 hours, reaching $54,237, marking its lowest point since late February 2024.

The total cryptocurrency market lost over $170 billion in market capitalization within the same timeframe, according to CoinGecko.

The Mt. Gox bankruptcy estate’s trustee announced on Friday that repayments in Bitcoin have commenced for certain creditors via specified cryptocurrency exchanges.

What is, or was, Mt. Gox Bitcoin?

The Mt. Gox Bitcoin payout pertains to the reimbursement process for creditors of the defunct Mt. Gox cryptocurrency exchange. Previously the world’s largest Bitcoin exchange, Mt. Gox fell in 2014 due to a significant hack, leading to the loss of about 740,000 Bitcoins.

Following extensive legal battles and postponements, the exchange is poised to start disbursing roughly $9 billion in Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash to its creditors. This payout is noteworthy as it entails a substantial return of bitcoin to users, which may influence the cryptocurrency market dynamics.

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Labour Party win 2024 UK election in landslide victory after giving the Conservative Party a drubbing!

Labour Party win 2024 election

The U.K.’s opposition Labour Party secured a significant parliamentary majority in the 2024 general election, displacing the incumbent Conservatives after 14 years in power.

Labour surpassed the threshold of 326 majority required to govern without coalition support as outgoing Prime Minister Rishi Sunak acknowledged the loss. Sir Keir Starmer, the leader of the centre-left Labour Party, is set to become the next prime minister, having declared victory in the early hours.

The Labour Party’s massive majority was achieved as Europe lurches to the right and the UK turns left – very contrasting differences.

The strength and size of the win mustn’t allow the Labour Party to railroad policy.

The Labour Party campaigned on the slogan ‘change’ – but what does that really mean? A change from what to what exactly? Time will tell – but I have my doubts. Having lived through many political changes and many Party promises that slowly drifted away to reality.

It looks very much to me that the win was a vote against rather than a vote for.

However, it was refreshing to witness democracy very much at work in the UK election.

Change!

Come on then Labour – let’s now see what you can do for the people of the UK now that you have trashed the Tories!

You have the majority!

Time for that change.

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An important rare Earth metal

Tungsten rare Earth metal

Tungsten is a critically important rare earth metal, renowned for its unique and valuable properties.

Tungsten has the highest melting point among all metals, which makes it exceptionally suitable for high-temperature applications.

Key aspects of its importance

Industrial and technological applications

Tungsten is used in many industries where hardness, high density, high wear resistance, and high-temperature resistance are required. This includes mining, construction, energy generation, electronics, aerospace, and defence sectors. It is used in weapons, autos, electric car batteries, semiconductors and industrial machinery.

Fact: approximately 2Kg of tungsten goes into every electric vehicle.

Alloys

Metals are frequently alloyed with Tungsten to enhance their strength without substantially adding to their weight. This property is vital for uses like arc-welding electrodes and heating elements in high-temperature furnaces.

Significance

Tungsten is acknowledged as a critical metal because of its economic significance and the scarcity of its sources. It is reported that China produces the majority of the world’s tungsten, controlling approximately 80% of the supply of this rare earth metal.

Durability and flexibility

Tungsten’s durability, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion contribute to its popularity across various industries and applications. It ranks among the hardest and most resilient materials found in nature.

These characteristics render tungsten not just crucial but also indispensable for numerous high-tech applications. The rarity of tungsten and the intricate nature of its extraction and refinement processes enhance its value even further.

World suppliers of tungsten

According to Statista.com the global tungsten market was valued at over $5 billion USD in 2022. It’s projected to grow significantly, with estimates suggesting it could reach over $9.5 billion USD by 2030

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Nasdaq and S&P 500 both hit new highs as markets close early for U.S. Independence Day!

U.S. Independence Day

The S&P 500 reached new heights in a shortened trading session on Wednesday 3rd July 2024, with investors seemingly dismissing lacklustre economic data.

The S&P 500 closed at a new high of 5537, while the Nasdaq Composite finished the session at 18188, buoyed by rallies in technology and AI stocks like Tesla and Nvidia. Both indices reached new all-time highs during the session and closed at record levels.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost just closed down at 39308.

Trading volume was subdued as the New York Stock Exchange closed early at 1 p.m. ET. The exchange will remain closed on Thursday 4th July 2024 for Independence Day celebrations.

S&P 500: One-year chart – index closed at a new record high

S&P 500 One-year chart closed at new record high

Nasdaq Composite: One-year chart closed at new record high

Nasdaq Composite: One-year chart closed at new record high
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U.S. private payrolls grew by just 150,000 in June 2024, below expectations

Workers

In June 2024, private companies created 150,000 jobs, falling short of the revised figure of 157,000 in May 2024 and the estimate of 160,000.

The leisure and hospitality sector led the way with 63,000 new jobs, marking the largest increase among the categories tracked by the payroll processing firm ADP.

U.S. age growth slowed to 4.9% year-on-year, the smallest rise since August 2021.

Markets generally shrugged off the lacklustre figures as Tech and AI driven indices continued their march to achieve ever higher positions.

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S&P 500 closes above 5500 for the first time

S&P Bull run record

On 2nd July 2024, the S&P 500 reached a significant milestone, closing above 5500 for the first time in its history.

This impressive achievement has prolonged the blistering rally of 2024, during which the index has reached 32 record highs. Since July 2023, the S&P 500 index has surged by more than 1000 points.

The rise in U.S. equities has been propelled by robust corporate earnings, the artificial intelligence (AI) boom, and the anticipation of interest rate reductions. Although some analysts warn that the market might be stretched too far, others are forecasting additional increases.

Many analysts have now raised their target for the S&P 500 to end the year at around 5700.

One year S&P 500 chart July 2023 to July 2024

One year S&P 500 chart July 2023 to July 2024
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The Fed says progress has been made in the fight against inflation

Federal Reserve Inflation

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has expressed satisfaction with the current progress in the inflation battle but indicated a desire for additional positive data before considering a reduction in interest rates.

“We want to be more confident that inflation is moving sustainably down toward 2% before we start the process of reducing or loosening policy,” he said.

While Powell acknowledges progress in inflation, he remains cautious about acting prematurely and jeopardizing the trend of decreasing prices.

Markets moved up after Powell’s comments.

Update: A Fed statement released after the market closed stated that – Fed says it’s not ready to cut rates until ‘greater confidence’ inflation is moving to 2% goal