Greenland’s Subsurface Power – Why Its Minerals Matter

Rare earths in Greenland

Greenland has long been portrayed as a remote Arctic frontier, but its bedrock tells a very different story.

Beneath the ice lies a concentration of critical minerals that has drawn global attention, not least from President Trump, whose administration has repeatedly emphasised the island’s strategic and economic value.

Much of that interest stems from the sheer breadth of materials Greenland contains, according to the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 25 of the 34 minerals classified as ‘critical raw materials’ by the European Commission can be found there, including graphite, niobium and titanium.

Rare Earth Elements

The most geopolitically charged of these are rare earth elements — a group of 17 metals essential for electronics, renewable energy technologies, advanced weaponry and satellite systems.

These minerals are currently dominated by Chinese production and processing, a reality that has shaped US strategic thinking for more than a decade. Analysts note that Trump’s interest is ‘primarily about access to those resources and blocking China’s access’.

Greenland also holds significant deposits of uranium, zinc, copper and potentially vast reserves of oil and natural gas. As Arctic ice retreats, previously inaccessible rock formations are becoming easier to survey and, in some cases, to mine.

Ice melt?

Melting ice is even creating new opportunities for hydropower in exposed regions, potentially lowering the energy costs of extraction in the future.

Yet the island’s mineral wealth remains largely untapped. Reportedly, only two mines are currently operational, with harsh weather, limited infrastructure and high extraction costs slowing development.

Despite these challenges, the strategic calculus is clear: in a world increasingly defined by competition over supply chains for green technologies and defence systems, Greenland represents a rare opportunity to diversify away from existing global chokepoints.

For the Trump administration, the island’s mineral potential, combined with its location along emerging Arctic shipping routes, elevates Greenland from a frozen outpost to a cornerstone of long‑term geopolitical strategy.

 Strategic Minerals in Greenland

MaterialCategoryTech Applications
NeodymiumRare Earth ElementEV motors, wind turbines, headphones, hard drives
PraseodymiumRare Earth ElementMagnet alloys, aircraft 
engines
DysprosiumRare Earth ElementHigh-temp magnets for EVs, 
drones, defence systems
TerbiumRare Earth ElementLED phosphors, magnet 
alloys
EuropiumRare Earth ElementLED displays, anti-counterfeiting inks
YttriumRare Earth ElementLasers, superconductors, 
ceramics
LanthanumRare Earth ElementCamera lenses, batteries
CeriumRare Earth ElementCatalytic converters, glass 
polishing
SamariumRare Earth ElementHeat-resistant magnets, missiles, precision motors
GadoliniumRare Earth ElementMRI contrast agents, 
neutron shielding
TitaniumCritical MineralAerospace, defence, medical implants
GraphiteCritical MineralBattery anodes, lubricants, 
nuclear reactors
NiobiumCritical MineralSuperconductors, high-strength steel, quantum 
technologies

These materials are not only present in Greenland’s geology but also feature prominently in strategic supply chains— especially as the West seeks to reduce reliance on Chinese and Russian sources.

The Sorry State of Modern International Diplomacy – it’s utterly surreal

Trump speaks

International diplomacy has always been a theatre of competing interests, strategic ambiguity, and the occasional flash of statesmanship.

Yet the scenes emerging from Davos yesterday seen to suggest something far more troubling: a descent into performative brinkmanship and schoolyard theatrics that would be unthinkable in any previous era of global leadership.

Tension and tariffs

At the centre of the storm was President Donald Trump, whose renewed push to acquire Greenland triggered a cascade of diplomatic tension.

Reports indicate he threatened tariffs of 10%, rising to 25%, on a range of European and NATO allies unless they agreed to sell the territory to the United States.

In the same breath, he suggested he could take Greenland by force—an extraordinary notion given that it is part of Denmark, a NATO member—before later reportedly insisting he would not actually pursue military action, as he added, he would be’ unstoppable’ if he did!

Spectacle

The spectacle did not end there. Trump’s Davos appearance was peppered with derision aimed at European leaders, including dismissive remarks about the UK and its prime minister, and barbed comments directed at France’s president.

His rhetoric framed long-standing allies as obstacles rather than partners, and NATO as a body that should simply acquiesce to American territorial ambitions.

In one speech, he declared the U.S. ‘must get Greenland‘, while markets reacted sharply to the escalating threats.

Fallout

Behind the bluster, NATO officials appeared to scramble to contain the fallout. By the end of the day, Trump announced he was withdrawing the tariff threats after agreeing to what he called a ‘framework of a future deal’ with NATO leadership.

However, details were conspicuously absent, and the announcement did little to restore confidence in the stability of transatlantic relations.

Childlike behaviour

What makes this moment feel so ‘child‑like’, as many observers have put it, is not merely the substance of the demands but the tone: the ultimatums, the insults, the swaggering threats followed by abrupt reversals.

Diplomacy has always involved pressure, but rarely has it been conducted with such theatrical volatility. The language of global leadership has shifted from careful negotiation to something closer to reality‑TV brinkmanship.

Farcical melodrama

This is not just embarrassing—it is farcical, disturbing and dangerous. When the world’s most powerful nations communicate through taunts and tariff threats, the foundations of international cooperation erode.

Allies become adversaries, institutions weaken, and global stability becomes collateral damage in a performance of personal dominance.

Davos was once a forum for sober reflection on global challenges. In 2026, it became a stage for geopolitical melodrama. And unless the tone of international diplomacy changes, the world may find itself paying a far higher price than tariffs.

Spin

The U.S. diplomatic ‘team’ later set to work ‘spinning’ the stories as the media further lost themselves in the never-ending story of ‘political noise’.

It’s farcical.

Trump whisperer – surreal or real – wake me up please and tell me this is a nightmare!

Nightmare

Oh no! It’s realI am awake.

This feels surreal because the language being used around global politics has slipped into something closer to internet fandom than international statecraft. You’re not dreaming — it really has become this strange.

The terms ‘Daddy‘ and Trump whisperer‘ are part of a wider cultural shift where political commentary, journalism, and social media increasingly borrow the tone of celebrity gossip.

Instead of treating leaders as officials with constitutional responsibilities, they’re framed like characters in a drama.

The language is deliberately provocative, designed to grab attention, generate clicks, and turn complex geopolitical dynamics into digestible entertainment. And that is not a good thing.

Why is this happening?

A vacuum of seriousness: When diplomatic behaviour itself becomes erratic or theatrical, the commentary follows suit.

Media sensationalism: Outlets know that emotionally charged or absurd phrasing spreads faster than sober analysis.

Personality‑driven politics: Modern politics often centres on individuals rather than institutions, making it easier for commentators to use personal, even infantilising labels.

Social‑media bleed‑through: Memes, nicknames, and ironic slang migrate from online communities into mainstream reporting.

Why it feels surreal

Because diplomacy used to be defined by restraint, coded language, and careful signalling. Now it’s shaped by public outbursts, personal insults, and performative bravado.

The commentary mirrors the behaviour: if leaders act like protagonists in a chaotic reality show, the language surrounding them inevitably becomes more absurd.

The result is a political environment that feels weightless — as though the stakes aren’t enormous, as though the words don’t matter.

But they do. This shift erodes the dignity of institutions, trivialises international relationships, and leaves citizens feeling as though they’ve stumbled into a parody of global governance.

It’s not a dream

You’re not dreaming. It’s simply that diplomacy has drifted so far from its traditional norms that it now resembles satire.

The challenge is that the consequences are very real, even if the language sounds like a joke.

Please STOP! Policy makers wake up and grow up, all of you – and that includes the media too.

A Trump Tariff Tantrum and the Greenland Gambit: Europe Braces for more Trump Turmoil

Tariff Turmoil

Donald Trump’s latest tariff broadside has sent a fresh tremor through Brussels, rattling diplomats who were already juggling NATO tensions and the lingering aftershocks of previous trade disputes.

This time, the spark is an unexpected one: Greenland

The controversy began when Trump revived his long‑standing frustration over what he describes as Europe’s ‘unfair’ economic advantage.

According to commentators, his renewed push for steep tariffs on EU goods is tied to a broader strategic grievance — namely, Europe’s refusal to support his administration’s interest in expanding U.S. influence in the Arctic, particularly around Greenland.

While the idea of purchasing the island was dismissed years ago, the geopolitical value of the Arctic has only grown, and Trump’s circle continues to frame Greenland as a missed opportunity that Europe ‘blocked’.

The EU, blindsided by the sudden escalation, now finds itself scrambling to interpret the move.

NATO tariff leverage

Analysts argue that the tariffs are less about economics and more about leverage within NATO.

Trump has repeatedly insisted that European members must increase defence spending, and some observers see the Greenland dispute as a symbolic pressure point — a reminder that the US expects alignment on strategic priorities, not just budget commitments.

Bullying?

European leaders, meanwhile, are attempting to project calm. Publicly, they describe the tariffs as disproportionate and counterproductive. Privately, officials admit that the timing is deeply inconvenient.

With several member states already facing domestic economic pressures, a transatlantic trade clash is the last thing they need.

Yet the EU is also wary of appearing weak. Retaliatory measures are reportedly being drafted, though diplomats insist they hope to avoid a spiral.

The fear is that a tariff war could fracture cooperation at a moment when NATO unity is already under strain.

For now, Europe waits — bracing for the next twist in a saga where Greenland, of all places, has become the unlikely fault line in transatlantic politics.

The ‘cold’ race heats up!

The cold rush!

The Arctic is rapidly becoming the new frontier in the global scramble for critical minerals, with nations vying for influence and resources that could shape the future of energy and technology.

The Arctic, long viewed as a remote and inhospitable region, is now at the centre of a geopolitical and economic contest.

Beneath its icy landscapes lie vast reserves of rare earths, base metals, uranium, and precious minerals, all essential for renewable energy technologies, electric vehicles, and advanced defence systems.

As the world accelerates its transition away from fossil fuels, these resources are increasingly seen as strategic assets.

Countries including the United States, Canada, Russia, and Greenland are intensifying exploration and investment. Greenland, in particular, has emerged as a focal point, with experts noting its abundance of rare earths and uranium.

Canada’s northern territories are also being positioned as key suppliers, with government-backed initiatives to strengthen supply chains and reduce reliance on Chinese dominance in the sector.

Control

The race is not solely about economics. Control of Arctic resources carries profound geopolitical weight. As melting ice opens new shipping routes and makes extraction more feasible, competition is sharpening.

Russia has already expanded its Arctic infrastructure, while Western nations are seeking partnerships and technological innovations to ensure sustainable development.

The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies has highlighted that the Arctic could become a significant contributor to the global energy transition, though environmental risks remain a pressing concern.

Fragile

Critics warn that the pursuit of minerals in such fragile ecosystems could have devastating consequences. Mining operations threaten biodiversity, indigenous communities, and the delicate balance of Arctic environments.

Balancing economic opportunity with ecological responsibility will be one of the defining challenges of this new ‘cold gold rush’.

Ultimately, the Arctic’s mineral wealth represents both promise and peril. If managed responsibly, it could underpin the technologies needed to combat climate change and secure energy independence.

If exploited recklessly, it risks becoming another chapter in humanity’s history of resource-driven conflict and environmental degradation.

The ‘cold race’ is heating up!

China’s restriction of rare earth materials hurts

Chinas rare earth material dominance

China’s recent export restrictions on rare earth elements are sending shockwaves through multiple industries worldwide.

As the curbs continue to take effect, sectors reliant on these critical minerals—including automotive, defence, and clean energy—are beginning to feel the strain.

China controls about 60–70% of global rare earth production and nearly 90% of the refining capacity.

Even when rare earths are mined elsewhere, they’re often sent to China for processing, since few countries have the infrastructure or environmental tolerance to handle the complex and polluting refining process.

In April 2025, China introduced export controls on seven key rare earth elements and permanent magnets, citing national interests and responding to rising trade tensions—particularly with the U.S.

Automotive industry in crisis

The auto sector is among the hardest hit. Rare earth elements are essential for both combustion engines and electric vehicles, particularly in the production of magnets used in motors and batteries.

European auto suppliers have already reported production shutdowns due to dwindling inventories.

Germany’s car industry, a global powerhouse, has reportedly warned that further disruptions could bring manufacturing to a standstill.

Japan’s Nissan and Suzuki have also expressed concerns, with Suzuki reportedly halting production of its Swift model due to shortages.

Defence and technology sectors at risk

China’s dominance in rare earth refining, controlling nearly 90% of global capacity, poses a strategic challenge for defense industries.

The U.S. military relies heavily on these materials for missile guidance systems, radar technology, and advanced electronics.

With nearly 78% of defence platforms dependent on Chinese-processed rare earths, the restrictions expose vulnerabilities in national security.

Clean energy ambitions under threat

The clean energy transition depends on rare earths for wind turbines, solar panels, and electric vehicle batteries.

China’s curbs threaten global efforts to reduce carbon emissions, forcing countries to scramble for alternative sources. India’s electric vehicle sector, for instance, faces potential setbacks as manufacturers struggle to secure supplies.

As industries grapple with these disruptions, governments and corporations are urgently seeking solutions. Whether through diplomatic negotiations or investment in domestic rare earth production, the race is on to mitigate the fallout from China’s tightening grip on these critical resources.

Several countries have significant rare earth reserves and can supply these materials in high quantities.

Top rare earth materials suppliers

China – The dominant player, with 44 million metric tons of reserves.

Brazil – Holds 21 million metric tons of rare earth reserves.

Vietnam – Has 22 million metric tons, making it a rising supplier.

India – Contains 6.9 million metric tons.

Australia – A key producer with 5.7 million metric tons.

Russia – Holds 10 million metric tons.

United States – While not a leading producer, it has 1.8 million metric tons.

Greenland – An emerging supplier with 1.5 million metric tons.

China remains the largest supplier, but countries like Brazil, Vietnam, and Australia are working to expand their production to reduce reliance on Chinese exports.

Ukraine?

Ukraine reportedly has significant reserves of rare earth elements, including titanium, lithium, graphite, and uranium. These minerals are crucial for industries such as defence, aerospace, and green energy.

However, the ongoing conflict with Russia has disrupted access to many of these deposits, with some now under Russian control.

Despite these challenges, Ukraine is being considered for strategic raw material projects by the European Union, aiming to strengthen supply chains and reduce reliance on China. The country’s mineral wealth could play a key role in post-war recovery and global supply diversification

Greenland?

Greenland is emerging as a key player in the global rare earth supply chain. The European Union has recently selected Greenland for new raw material projects aimed at securing critical minerals.

The island holds significant deposits of rare earth elements, including graphite, which is essential for battery production.

However, Greenland faces challenges in developing its rare earth industry, including harsh terrain, environmental concerns, and geopolitical tensions.

The U.S. and EU are keen to reduce reliance on China, which dominates rare earth processing, and Greenland’s resources could play a crucial role in this effort.

Greenland has indicated it has little desire to be transformed into a mining territory. It could have little choice.

Canada?

Canada is emerging as a significant player in the rare earth supply chain. The country has over 15.2 million tonnes of rare earth oxide reserves, making it one of the largest known sources globally.

Recently, Canada opened its first commercial rare earth elements refinery, marking a major step toward reducing reliance on Chinese processing.

The facility, located in Saskatchewan, aims to produce 400 tonnes of neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) metals per year, enough for 500,000 electric vehicles annually.

Additionally, Canada is investing in critical minerals infrastructure to unlock rare earth development in Northern Quebec and Labrador.

The government has allocated $10 million to support mining projects, including the Strange Lake Rare Earth Project, which contains globally significant quantities of dysprosium, neodymium, praseodymium, and terbium.

Rare earth materials are a necessity for our modern technological lives – big tech tells us this. The hunger for these products needs to be fed, and China, right now, does the feeding.

And the beast needs to be fed.

Why is Trump so fixated with Greenland?

The island of Greenalnd

Donald Trump’s fascination with Greenland has been a topic of intrigue and speculation since his first term in office.

His renewed interest in acquiring the world’s largest island has raised eyebrows and sparked debates about the underlying motivations and implications of such a move.

Greenland, a semi-autonomous territory of Denmark, holds significant strategic and economic value. Its location in the Arctic makes it a key player in global geopolitics, especially as ‘climate change’ could potentially open up new shipping routes and access to untapped natural resources.

The island is rich in rare earth minerals, oil, and natural gas, which are becoming increasingly accessible due to the melting ice caps. These resources are crucial for advanced technologies and the clean energy economy, making Greenland a highly coveted asset.

Critical minerals

Critical minerals refer to a subset of materials considered essential to the energy transition. These minerals, which tend to have a high risk of supply chain disruption, include metals such as copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements.

Critical minerals and rare earth elements are vital components in emerging green technologies, such as wind turbines and electric vehicles, energy storage technologies and national security applications.

China is the undisputed leader of the critical minerals supply chain, accounting for roughly 60% of the world’s production of rare earth minerals and materials. U.S. officials have previously warned that this poses a strategic challenge amid the pivot to low-carbon energy sources

Jakob Kløve Keiding, senior consultant at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), reportedly said a 2023 survey of Greenland’s resource potential evaluated a total of some 38 raw materials on the island, the vast majority of which have a relatively high or moderate potential.

These materials include the rare earth metals graphite, niobium, platinum group metals, molybdenum, tantalum and titanium.

A lot of independent state surveys are pointing to Greenland and its natural shelf boundaries as potentially hosting 20% to 25% of the last remaining extractable resources on the planet. Now, if that’s right, that’s an enormous opportunity for Greenland.”

Not just about money, it’s also about strategic benefits and ‘national’ security

Trump’s interest in Greenland is not solely driven by its natural resources. The island’s strategic military importance cannot be overlooked. Greenland hosts the U.S.’ northernmost military base, the Pituffik Space Base, which plays a critical role in ballistic missile early warning systems and space operations.

Control over Greenland would enhance the U.S.’ ability to monitor and respond to potential threats from adversaries, solidifying its position in the Arctic region.

And… it’s personal too

Beyond the strategic and economic factors, there are also personal and political motivations behind Trump’s fixation with Greenland.

Some experts suggest that Trump’s desire to acquire Greenland is fueled by his ambition to leave a lasting legacy and be remembered as a transformative leader. The idea of adding a vast, resource-rich territory to the United States’ portfolio aligns with his ‘America First’ agenda and his penchant for grandiose projects.

However, Trump’s pursuit of Greenland has not been without controversy. The Danish government and Greenland’s leadership have firmly rejected the idea of selling the island.

Greenland’s Prime Minister Múte Egede has emphasised the island’s desire for independence and self-determination, stating that Greenland is not for sale and that its future should be decided by its people. This stance reflects the broader sentiment among Greenlanders, who are wary of foreign exploitation and committed to preserving their unique cultural and environmental heritage.

Donald Trump’s fixation with Greenland is a complex interplay of strategic, economic, and personal factors.

While the island’s vast natural resources and strategic military importance make it an attractive target, the political and ethical implications of such a move cannot be ignored. As the debate continues, it remains to be seen whether Trump’s ambitions will materialize or if Greenland will maintain its autonomy and chart its own path in the Arctic region.

Rare earth minerals

Greenland is home to a variety of rare earth minerals, which are crucial for many modern technologies. Some of the key rare earth minerals found in Greenland include:

  • Yttrium
  • Scandium
  • Neodymium
  • Dysprosium
  • Terbium
  • Europium
  • Gadolinium
  • Holmium
  • Erbium
  • Thulium
  • Ytterbium
  • Lutetium
  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Zinc
  • Titanium
  • Lead
  • Silver
  • Platinum
  • Palladium
  • Rhodium
  • Nickel
  • Cobalt
  • Lithium

Some of these minerals are essential for the production of permanent magnets used in electric vehicles (EVs) and wind turbines. Others are more obvious.

Greenland’s rich mineral resources make it a significant player in the global supply of rare earth elements.

Greenland ‘mini’ history lesson

Greenland history of ownership is a captivating narrative of exploration colonization, and strategic significance. The island, the largest has been inhabited for millennia, with the known settlers arriving around 2500 BC. These early inhabitants were succeeded by several other groups migrating from continental North America.

The first formal claim Greenland can be traced to the late10th century when Erik the Red, a Norse, settled on the island after being banished from Iceland. He named it ‘Greenland’ to attract settlers, and small Norse communities established themselves along the coast. These settlements endured for centuries, despite the Arctic conditions and the encroaching cold of the Little Ice Age.

In the 18th century, Denmark-Norway began to reassert its influence over. In 1721, a missionary expedition led by Hans Egede marked the beginning of Denmark colonisation efforts. Greenland was formally incorporated into the Danish Kingdom in 1953, transitioning a colony to overseas county.

During World, Greenland became more closely connected to the U.S. due to Denmark’s occupation by Nazi Germany. After the war, Denmark reasserted its control, and in 1979 Greenland was granted home rule, allowing it to govern its affairs. Denmark retained control over defence and foreign policy.

Today, an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, with increasing self-governance. It manages its domestic matters, including education health, natural resources, while Denmark oversees defense and foreign affairs.

Greenland’s strategic importance has it as a subject of interest for various global powers throughout history, and its unique position continues to shape its political and economic landscape.

Though a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Denmark and Norway)

See Wikipedia for more information.